Norman Conquest By England William I It started from Norman is. Norman The royal lineage of the royal family was inherited by the royal families after that, and it was also the dynasty that became the foundation of England that adopted the feudal society.
This time, such Norman What happened in the Anarchy After Plantagenet Morning I will summarize the process leading up to.
Norman Dynasty (1066-1154)
Since the Norman dynasty originally originated from the Duchy of Normandy in France, the feudal system that was already mainstream on the continent was introduced.
Also, William I King of England As the Duke of Normandy, Vassal of the Kingdom of France I am taking the position. This situation will continue to linger.
Let's see what kind of dynasty the Norman dynasty was.
William the Conqueror's Reign
William I It was from 1066 to 1087 that (sometimes called Guillaume) was crowned king.
Due to the rule by aggression, the conquered land was requisitioned by Norman aristocrats, and the subordinates of the Anglo-Saxon aristocrats who were originally rooted in the land once requisitioned the land, and then regained control by sealing the land. To go.
At this time, Dumsday =Book , which investigated the land and assets in detail for the purpose of tax collection. A land ledger called is made.
What is your relationship with the religious world under William the Conqueror?
Seven Kingdoms Age . .. .. Wessex morning Alfred the Great in England of the Age The indoctrination of Christianity to the Danes by Duchy of Normandy The first Lolo that ruled Is Christian Christianity had already penetrated in England under William the Conqueror's reign, partly because he had converted to.
William I Lanfranc I met as an adult trying to bring such an English religious world under the umbrella (He himself is one of the priests who tried to get rid of corruption) Archbishop of Canterbury in England Appointed to.
From Canterbury Cathedral (wikipedia)
In addition, Lanfranc Is the northern Archbishop of York William I against the move to subordinate Has happened, such as putting his shoulders on his shoulders.
So, in fact, the Canterbury Church has established itself as the leader in the Anglican Church.
This happened in the Holy Roman Empire Emperor Heinrich IV And Investiture Controversy Canossa's Humiliation Caused up to Gregory VII Was just before he became Pope.
From Pope Gregory VII (wikipedia)
Gregory VII Speaking of which, he was the "attempted to separate churches and clergy from secular forces" who was inaugurated as Pope from 1073-1085. Just William I It was the time when I was partly affected by the reign of.
Naturally, William I It didn't seem like he was talking to Canterbury and Izakoza in York, which later led to something like a British version of the Investiture Controversy.
William I Henry I In his place, he tried to find a compromise and coexist while showing a compromise to the church. .. ..
The Anarchy In the turmoil of the church, the church left the kingship and began to have its own power, and later Plantagenet . It has developed into an assassination case in earnest.
So, William I It seems that some people think that the religious policy under the reign of England became a sprout to move on to England's own route later.
What is a building closely related to William the Conqueror?
From the Tower of London (wikipedia)
The Tower of London, which is also a World Heritage Site, is William I Is a fortress that was built over 20 years by ordering it to be built to protect London from foreign enemies. Later, Plantagenet Morning It was completed in.
Since then, it has become a citadel not only as a palace where the king lives, but also as a prison for executing political enemies and rebels, a mint, an observatory, and sometimes a royal zoo. Even today, it has been used as a place of worship and a place of worship for ceremonial weapons.
Since it has been used as an execution site in the past, it is now famous as a tourist spot where ghosts appear.
What is the reign of Henry I, the hidden master?
From Henry I (King of England) (wikipedia)
William I The next king of is his son William II However, he died in the middle of hunting without having a wife and earning a child. So he was next to Henry I . is.
Henry I Is William I He was the son of a man who was far from the throne who inherited only money without inheriting the territory ...
He was the one who played with the right movements for the purpose. For example
He moved to confuse his brother who succeeded the King of England with his brother who succeeded the Duchy of Normandy.
To his brother, who has announced that he will participate in the Crusades expedition by Pope Urban II (maybe he had a growing religious fever because he was described as a "capricious and dreamer").
I have made the above suggestions and have obtained Normandy territory.
King's William And Robert II Henry They start to be wary of things, and when they reconcile, they are even attacked. Henry decided to spend his time quietly, but William while Robert II was on a Crusader expedition. Died.
Henry I in the absence of Robert It will be the coronation completely. There was only one king who took the throne in this way, and his reign was quite good.
"Scholarship" in his "Scholarship King" means "wide and deep scholarship", and it can be said that he was a fairly intelligent king.
Robert II When he insisted that "it is strange to inherit the throne without permission" after returning from the Crusades expedition, he said that he would stop the invasion by his brother and take the throne Coronation Charter . He put together a document called, with the Peerage of England on his side, and did not give his brother a chance to take advantage of it.
In addition, Henry I Is the Wessex King of the former dynasty, Edmund Ironside Married to her granddaughter. He worked to restore relations with the Anglo-Saxon descent and Henry I to counter the deteriorating Kingdom of France. We will create it through marriage with the children of.
* Since William the Conqueror, who built the Norman dynasty, became the king of England while being a vassal, the relationship with the Kingdom of France gradually deteriorated.
It was Robert II who improved the relationship with the church. It seems that he thought that it was not a good idea to bother to turn the church, which has been increasing his voice day by day, into an enemy while the conflict with him was inevitable.
In this way the kingship was strengthened and domestic stability was maintained, but his son, William Adelin , who was with the official queen. Was lost in a marine accident called "White Ship Distress" when he was 17 years old.
The Anarchy
Henry I had many firstborns, but the boy who could be his firstborn was William Adelin . There was no other than. No child was born to a remarried partner after the death of his son, and he was the former Empress of the Holy Roman Empire and Count of Anjou . Matilda , a daughter who was married to (West France) Has been nominated as his successor.
Henry I After his death, it was Henry I who was married to a French aristocrat who disagreed with this. Sister's child, Matilda Stephen , a cousin for me was.
He forcibly entered England from France and used his relatives as a priest to gain support from the church and reign as king.
From here, the anarchy started with the battle for successors. Begins.
Martina in the midst of a civil war but no decisive hits The death of Count Anjou of the camp will give Stephen an advantage.
But then Matilda's son Henri As ("Henry" in English) grew up to fight the Stephen camp, the Matilda camp began to find little hope.
Father Geoffrey IV Duke of Normandy in the land conquered by After becoming Count of Anjou, Duchy of Brittany due to the death of his father If you succeed, the power relationship between the two will change. The Martida side, which had been down, came back to life.
Why did the Matilda camp come back to life?
How did the young Henri bring the Matilda camp back to life? .. .. Not only did he succeed to his father's title, but he also made good use of his marriage to take advantage of him.
The Capetian who was the King of France at that time Louis VII Is suspected of being unfaithful to his wife Alienor I got married to her because I was separated. Arienol 30 years old, Henri He was 19 years old.
This Alienor The woman. She was a woman who owned a ridiculously large territory. She is also beautiful. Her marriage to her succeeds in laying her financial foundation.
Henri His Normandy Anjou inherited from his own parents Not only Aquitaine in the Great French South-West To get to the territory of Alienor including.
* Maine Touraine was dominated by Joflois, the father of Henri, the count of Anjou at that time, before 1144. Normandy was taken back by Stephen during the Anarchy in 1144 by Joflois. Normandy is inherited by Henri and his brothers otherwise, but those territories have also gained most of them through conflict with his father and brothers.
As mentioned in the article on the 3rd Crusade Expedition, the King of France raises a sense of crisis in this situation.
I had to avoid the situation where a person with such a large territory could become "the king of the neighboring country and his vassal".
To deal with this, Louis VII Is Stephen Eustace IV of Count Boulogne .. Louis VII Since I was married to my sister (← already married in 1140 before Eleanor and Henri got married), I was also deepening my relationship and invading the Duke of Aquitaine. .. ..
After this, Stephen's son Eustace IV Suddenly died. The Stephen camp has completely lost morale. In addition, Stephen was partly due to the fact that the civil war continued and the mood of the war was rising. ― Martina In the flow that connects peace between.
One of them is recognizing Stephen's succession to the throne Instead, the next throne will be inherited by Martinida's son, Henri . To make a promise.
Thus Henri Is Plantagenet Morning We succeeded in creating (1154-1399).