Uttar Pradesh Provincial Cabinet 1937, 1937 Provincial Elections, Provincial Government, Provincial Assembly, 1946 Elections, 1937 Assembly Elections, History of Congress Election Symbols, 1946 Elections, Act of 1935,
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Provincial Cabinet of Uttar Pradesh 1937
On December 27-28, 1936, the 50th annual session of the Congress was held in Faizpur (Maharashtra). Once again Jawaharlal Nehru was elected the President for this session. In this the election manifesto of Congress was accepted. The election campaign started only after the Lucknow conference. The Congress got huge success in the elections to the provincial assemblies held in January 1937. The Congress won 714 out of a total of 1,585 seats in all the provinces. The Congress got success in 134 places out of a total of 228 in the United Provinces. Of these 228 places, 64 were Muslim and 164 were general (24 special) places.
Under the Act of 1935 in the Indian provinces, the constitutional scheme was to be implemented by 1 April 1937. The Congress, which was opposing the immense powers of the Governor included in the then constitutional provisions, was not ready to form the government. Therefore, on 1 April, the British government formed minority governments in the Congress-majority provinces. Under the leadership of Nawab Chhatari, the Governor of the United Provinces, Sir Harry Hague, also formed a minority government here. The Raja of Salempur was also included in this cabinet as the Minister of Education. Finally, on 22 June, Governor General Lord Linalithgo persuaded Congress to form the government with a compromise but vague statement.
Even before the elections, there was a possibility of such a possibility that a coalition government of Congress and Muslim League could be formed in the United Provinces. Although no such thing was decided formally, but the Congress completely ruled out the possibility of any kind of alliance after the Congress got a clear majority in the elections. Although important Congress leaders in the United Provinces such as Mohanlal Saksena still favored an alliance with the Muslim League, Jawaharlal Nehru was totally against it. Chaudhary Khalikuzma, an influential leader of the well-known Muslim League in the United Provinces, also went to Allahabad on 12 May 1937 to meet Nehru. Describing the hand of a few educated feudal Muslims behind the Hindu Muslim problem of India, Nehru completely denied the need for any other party for the Muslims. Elected from Jhansi in mid-June 1937, K. B. In the by-election held there after the death of Habibullah, the distance between the Muslim League increased further, despite the opposition of Jamiat-ul-Ulema.
The meeting of the Congress Working Committee was concluded in Wardha on July 22 after the statement made by the Governor General on 22 June, in which the Congress decided to form the government. Govind Ballabh Pant, on his way to this meeting, stopped in Lucknow and met Choudhary Khalikuzma and asked how much space he would claim in the cabinet if the Congress formed the government in alliance with the Muslim League, Chowdhury replied 3 out of 9 or Two meanings out of 6 and one third of the total number.
Maulana Azad came to Lucknow after the executive meeting in Wardha and met Chaudhary Khalikujma on 12 July. He talked to Choudhary about another member joining the coalition government. Chaudhary told that he would be Nawab Ismail Khan. On July 15, both Maulana and Govind Ballabh Pant met Choudhary, asking him to sign a statement that said the Muslim League would function as a separate faction in the United Provinces Assembly. Choudhary refused to sign it. This rift between the Congress and the Muslim League later took a formidable form, which later resulted in the partition of India.
In the end, the Congress formed the government alone in the United Provinces. In this government, along with Prime Minister Govind Ballabh Pant, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai, Kailash Nath Katju, Mrs. Vijayalakshmi Pandit, Pyare Lal Sharma and Mohammad, Ibrahim were included. Laxminarayan was made the Parliamentary Secretary. Thus the Congress government started functioning in the United Provinces in the second week of July. The Congress Working Committee, in its Wardha meeting from February 23 to March 1, 1937, had prepared a 14-point business campaign code for the Congress cabinets, along with Gandhi, through his duties in Harijan, used to instruct them from time to time.
The first responsibility of the Congress governments was to pass a resolution against the Act of 1935. Under whom Saurabh these governments were established. This proposal was placed in the Legislative Assembly on December 2, 1033 by the Committee of Local Bodies in the United Provinces, Vijayalakshmi. Prime Minister Pant responded to all the amendments from the debate on the subject on 2 October, in which an amendment was also put by the Muslim League. In its original form, this resolution was passed on the same day. This resolution was passed in the All India Congress Committee held in Kolkata on 29-31 October, 1937. A resolution should be passed against the noun scheme proposed in the Act of 1935 in all Congress provinces. In the United Provinces also a resolution was passed in accordance with this resolution from February 20, 1938.
According to the election manifesto of the Congress, the release of political prisoners was started, but the problem arose in the United Provinces and Bihar regarding this question. As of February 1938, the case of 15 political prisoners was still pending in the United Provinces as of February 1938. Before their release, the governors of these two provinces wanted to make sure what effect it would have on the peace system of the province. Under Section 126 of the Act of 1935, the Governor General also directed the Governors not to surrender to any political pressure, the Prime Ministers of these two provinces gave their right to release all the prisoners at the same time, which was given by the Governors. did not agree and both these cabinets resigned.
When the 51st session of the Congress was going on in Haripura on 19-21 February, 1938. At that time this crisis came to the fore. The Congress accepted the decision of both these cabinets. Gandhi also issued a statement against this attitude of the government. The Governor issued a statement clarifying his position on 22 February, after which the Prime Minister of the United Provinces met the Governor on 23-24 February to consider a compromise during this crisis. Both sides stressed the need to build a healthy tradition together. In this way, this crisis was somehow averted and finally by March 1938 all the prisoners of politics were released.
In October 1939, the government of the United Provinces tried to solve the problems of the tenants through a comprehensive act. An attempt was made to bring uniformity in the land holder rights of Agra and Awadh regions through this Act. In order to lay the foundation for the development of cottage industry in the province, this government also took some steps. According to the announced orders of Gandhi, Etah and Mainpuri districts were first selected on 1st April, 1938 to implement central prohibition in the province. Along with this, Jaunpur, Bijnor, Allahabad were transferred to Lucknow under the Excise Department. However, this policy of prohibition proved to be a complete failure and the efforts made in the field of basic education could not be successful. This government has established Kashi Vidyapeeth in the field of higher education and by giving recognition to the degrees of Jamia Millia at par with graduate degrees of other universities.
Two annual sessions of the Congress were held between 1937 and 1939 in Haripura (Gujarat) and Tripuri (Central Provinces) during the Congress administration. Subhas Chandra Bose presided over the 51st session of Haripura held from February 19 to 21, 1938. The election of the President for the next session of the Congress to be held in March, 1939 came as a major crisis. The right wing of the Congress was opposed to the re-election of Subhas Chandra Bose. This faction had made Patabhi Sitaramayya its candidate, while Bose wanted someone who was opposed to the noun scheme proposed in the Act of 2nd 1935. He had suggested the name of Acharya Narendra Dev for the post when there was opposition to his re-election, but Nehru on his own behalf suggested the name of Maulana Azad to Gandhi. Later, when Maulana withdrew his name, there was an election between Bose and Pattabhi Sitaramayya.
29 January. In the election of 1939, Bose got 1850 votes and Pattabhi Sitaramayya got 1270 votes. Twelve out of 15 members of the Working Committee resigned after Bose was elected. Nehru tendered his resignation separately. The convention started in Tripuri on 10 March 1939. Gandhi could not come here due to being busy in the movement of Rajkot. President Subhash Chandra Bose was ill. In such a situation, taking advantage of Gandhi's absence and without informing him, this resolution was passed that he should choose the members of his working committee according to Gandhi's wish. This resolution wrote the role of Bose leaving the Congress. The proposal was made by the Prime Minister of the United Provinces, Pant. Bose was unable to elect his working committee as Gandhi had refused to give his opinion on them. As a result, Bose was left with no option but to resign.
Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. With this Britain declared war against Germany. In a proclamation, Roy Leinlithigo included India as soon as the war started in Europe. He had not even consulted any political party before making this announcement. The Viceroy met Gandhi on 5 September. Gandhi personally showed his sympathy towards the Allies, but refused to say anything on behalf of the Congress.
The Congress Working Committee condemned fascism and Nazism, but at the same time asked the British government to clarify the purpose of the war. In his white paper on 17 October, he talked about the establishment of a consultative group and giving colonial status in the future. Simultaneously, the constitution of 1935 was repealed. One person rule came into force in India. In response to this, the Congress passed a resolution for the Civil Disobedience Movement on 29 October. Simultaneously, all the eight governments of the Congress resigned. The government did not dissolve these assemblies because it did not want to risk elections on this occasion. They just sacked him and took all the powers in his own hands.