History of Asia

Congress Socialist Party

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Congress Socialist Party

At this time the era of socialism was going on all over the world. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the influence of Marxism and Leninism was attracting youth in all the countries affected by colonialism including Europe. Congress was also not left untouched under its influence. Nehru was also immersed in the romance of socialism at this time. He had attended the International Conference of Repressed Nationalities in Brussels in February 1927. Due to his revolutionary and leftist views, he had become the leader of the youth influenced by socialism within the Congress. Meanwhile, the Bihar Socialist Party was founded in July 1931 by Jayaprakash Narayan, Phoolan Prasad Verma, and Rahul Sankrityayan. Its purpose was to establish a socialist state in India in which there was no place for private property, nor the ownership of land and capital by the individual.

On the same lines, Sampurnanand, Pooranand, Kamal Pati Tripathi and Tarak Bhattacharya ji established socialist hearts in the province and Yusuf Meher Ali, MR Masani, Achyut Patwardhan and Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, many young socialists of the Congress jailed in Mumbai joined the Congress. In the year 1933, he thought of forming an All India Socialist Organization. Jayaprakash Narayan, Achyuta Patwardhan, M.R. Masani, N. Yes. Gore, Ashok Mehta, S. M. contaminated's M. L. Dantwala was the chief among those who started this idea.

Sampurnanand, a member of the All India Congress Committee, wrote a paper in April 1934 in Banaras and stressed the need to form an experimental socialist party for India. This was necessary to challenge the capitalist and feudalist elements that had become dominant in the Congress. It was also clearly mentioned that when the persecution would come in the hands of the socialists, the land in industries, banks would be nationalized and the Zamindari system would be abolished. Socialists in the Congress made up their mind to form a separate party in 1934 after a group of Congress members supported the entry into the Legislative Council. A conference of socialists was organized on May 17, 1934 in Patna under the chairmanship of Acharya Narendra Dev. Criticizing the establishment of a new socialist party within the Congress, Acharya ji, in his presidential speech, clarified the relevance of the Congress Socialist Party. In the capacity of secretary of this party, Jayaprakash Narayan started touring the country for its promotion in other provinces as well.

On October 21-22, 1934, the first annual conference of the Congress Socialist Party was held in Mumbai under the chairmanship of Sampoornanand. It was attended by 150 delegates from 13 provinces. In its national executive, Jayaprakash Narayan (Chief Secretary) S. R. Masani, Mohanlal Gautam, NG Gore and E. M. S. Namboodiripad (Assistant Secretary), Acharya Narendra Dev, Sampoornanand, Smt. Kamala Chattopadhyay, Purushottam Das, Trikak Das, P.V. Deshpande, Ram Manohar Lohia, M.S. Joshi Amarendra Prasad Mishra, Charles Mascarinas, Navkrishna Choudhary and Achyut Patwardhan, (Members) were elected. The constitution and program of the party were also decided in this conference. Although Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose supported the establishment of the Congress Socialist Party, neither of them accepted its membership. The right-wing faction of the Congress strongly opposed it, Vallabhbhai Patel called it a foolish act.

The attraction of the farmers, laborers and students towards the Congress socialist movement started increasing rapidly. In Lucknow in the year 1936, Prof. N. Yes. All India Kisan Sammelan was organized with the efforts of Ranga, Indulal Yagnik, Swami Sahajanand etc. In this conference, the demand for the abolition of feudalism and waiver of rent and debt was raised. In this way, the number of people who had faith in socialism within the Congress started increasing rapidly. Simultaneously, the Congress apparently began to mobilize between the Left and the Right. If Nehru was leading the Left then Patel of the Right. Although Gandhi was criticizing the socialists because of their Marxist and Leninist tendencies, he was not with the right wing either. This is the reason why he thought it appropriate to resign from the Congress.

The British Parliament meanwhile approved the Act on August 2, 1935. Although the Congress unanimously rejected the act, it was now clear that the right-wing faction of the Congress was ready to accept the posts under it. Whereas the leftist faction of Congress was talking till the time of running a protest movement against this act under the leadership of socialists. Its annual conference was held in Lucknow in April, 1936, during the same faction of the Congress, although the Act of 1935 was severely criticized in this conference held under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru, but even after participating in the elections under it. This is accepted. It was a crushing defeat of the socialists within the Congress.


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