In the history of the Warring States period, I mentioned that not only the daimyo but also the tsuchi-ikki occurred in various places, and that the nation's rebellion by the nationals also occurred in Yamashiro.
Today, I've summarized the rebellion that occurred during the Muromachi and Sengoku periods.
Bashaku played a leading role in the rebellion
Similar to the samurai society where the authority of the Muromachi Shogunate was lost and the movement of Gekokujo began to appear, the autonomy of the class called the indigenous people centered on peasants and merchants became stronger, and the movement against the lord class became stronger.
Bashaku groups in the transportation industry were formed early on at key points of transportation such as Sakamoto and Kusatsu in Omi. Against the background of the information and unity of the horse borrowers, Tokusei-ikki demands the cancellation of debts frequently.
1426 In, Sakamoto's Bashaku formed a clique and broke into Kyoto in an attempt to stop the decline in rice prices. 1428 was triggered by the rise of Sakamoto's Bashaku. From Yamashiro / Yamato to Kinki, Shocho Doichi Will occur.
Many of the indigenous people who participated in Tsuchi-ikki strongly demanded the Tokuseirei from the Shogunate.
Behind this is the death of 4th Shogun Yoshimochi And Emperor Go-Kameyama's prince Ogura-no-miya in Ise , Bad crops due to unseasonable weather , Epidemic There was anxiety about the world.
Doso is the target
Shocho-ikki Since then, a big riot has occurred every 5 to 10 years.
In fact, there were many cases in which Tokuseirei was won from the Shogunate by causing a riot. When Tokusei-ikki uprised, the first target of the attack was Dosou . was. The reading is [Dosou] and [Tokura] Also known as, in modern times, he ran a financial business and a pawn shop.
Doso developed during the Muromachi period, and was found in many places in Kyoto, Nara, and Omi Sakamoto.
It had the role of paying annual tribute while paying money to the shogunate and temples and shrines, and was an important financial resource for the shogunate. In many cases, a liquor store with a large amount of capital also serves as a [ Kinman family . ] Was targeted as a symbol.
15th Century Tsuchi-Ikki / Kuni-ikki
- 1426 ... Omi Sakamoto's Bashaku breaks into Kyoto
- 1428 ... Shocho-ikki
- 1429 ... Harima's Doichi
- 1432 ... Yamato Tsuchi-ikki
- 1441 ... Kakitsu's Doichi
- 1447 ... Yamashiro Nishioka's Tsuchi-ikki
- 1454 ... Yamashiro Tsuchi-ikki "Kyotoku's Tokuseirei"
- 1457 ... Choroku's Tsuchi-ikki
- 1472 ... Omi Sakamoto's Bashaku Ikki
- Peasant rebellion has occurred frequently since around 1480
- 1485 ... Yamashiro Kuniichi Ikki
- 1486 ... Tokusei-ikki in Kyoto
Acquisition of autonomy by Yamashiro no Kuniichi Ikki
In the Kinki region, Yoshinari Hatakeyama and Masanaga Hatakeyama even after the Onin War. The battle continued, and Minamiyamashiro became the main battlefield. The samurai of Yamashiro, Yamato, and Kawachi and the nationals were also involved in the conflict between the two armies, and suffered damage, causing a riot in Kyoto and Nara.
Under these circumstances, 1485 In an attempt to manage the turbulent Yamashiro province, 36 nationals and farmers aged 15 to 60 gathered and strongly demanded that Mr. Hatakeyama immediately withdraw, return the temple and shrine territory, and abolish the new seki. .. [ Yamashiro no Kuni Ikki ]
The following year, the people of Yamashiro gathered at Byodo-in Temple in Uji, and [ Kokuchu Law ] Has been decided.
After that, we held frequent meetings to visit Minamiyamashiro south of the Uji River [ Sokoku . ] Dominate as.
[ Monthly event ] Takes turns in politics in January, and also plays the role that the guardian should play, such as the trial of the murderer, and the self-government rule by the nationals has been realized for about eight years.
Collapse of Yamashiro's autonomy
The farmers and the nationals had a cooperative relationship with each other, but when the conflict between the farmers and the nationals who wanted to control the farmers as lords began to occur, Ise Sadariku, who became the new guardian of Yamashiro, became a laborer. If you issue orders such as provocation and embark on strengthening authority, the national population will also be divided and you will be forced to abandon your autonomy.
This country's rebellion is historically significant as an unprecedented peasant struggle, and its autonomy was 1871 . It was even daytime for the autonomous social communication that was realized in Paris, France.
Yamashiro no Kuniichi Rebellion Chronology
- 1485 ... August tsuchi-ikki centered around Kyoto and Nara
- … December The nationals of Yamashiro demand the Hatakeyama army to withdraw
- 1486 ... February:The nationals of Yamashiro gathered at Byodo-in Temple and enacted the Kuninaka Law, and then self-government for eight years.
- 1493 ... August:Yamashiro national guard, Ise Sadariku exercised his authority, and the national class split and self-government collapsed