Generally speaking, the shogunate reminds me of the shogun. In the Muromachi Shogunate, Ashikaga reigned in the Edo Shogunate, and in the Edo Shogunate, Tokugawa reigned as a shogun for generations.
Therefore, the founder of the Kamakura Shogunate Is Minamoto no Yoritomo So, for generations Genji I think he was a shogun, but he seems to be a little different.
If you think about it carefully, both the Muromachi Shogunate and the Edo Shogunate will come up with 〇dai Shogun 〇〇, but regarding the Kamakura Shogunate, Third Shogun Minamoto no Sanetomo Finally, only the name of Mr. Hojo, who is in power, appears after that.
Then, did the Kamakura Shogunate have no general at the end of Minamoto no Sanetomo?
When I was studying in the Kamakura period, such a question arose.
So today, I investigated the successive shoguns of the Kamakura Shogunate.
Shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate
The general was fine. Moreover, the successive shoguns of the Kamakura Shogunate are up to the ninth generation.
However, unlike other samurai governments, the 4th and subsequent shoguns are Genji . Not a regent Imperial Family It seems that he was slack.
I will explain why such a thing happened.
First, let's take a look at the 9th Shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate.
Genji Shogun
1st Shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo 1192 ~ 1199
2nd Shogun Minamoto no Yoriie 1202-1203
3rd Shogun Minamoto no Sanetomo 1203-1219
Setsuya Shogun
4th Shogun Kujo Yoritsune 1226 ~ 1244
5th Shogun Yoritsugu Fujiwara 1244-1252
Miyake Shogun
6th Shogun Prince Munetaka 1252-1266
7th Shogun Prince Koreyasu 1266 ~ 1289
8th Shogun Prince Hisaaki 1289-1308
9th Shogun Prince Morikuni 1308-1333
Looking at this, the 4th and 5th generations are Mr. Fujiwara, a regent . However, after the 6th generation, royal family You can see that the general has been elected from.
* By the way, the Kamakura Shogunate was established in 1192, not in 1185.
The rise of Mr. Hojo
1192 Kamakura Shogunate Opened Minamoto no Yoritomo But 1199 Suddenly die. So he took over the 18-year-old Minamoto no Yoriie . was. However, the influential gokenins who are still unable to entrust their affairs to the young Yoriie are 13 people's consensus system instead of Yoriie. Political system called Was built. At that time, Hojo was at the center of the collegial system. was.
1203 Yoriie fell ill Instead of his younger brother Minamoto no Sanetomo Becomes a shogun. Immediately after this, Yoriie died. Here authority at that time Hojo Tokimasa Will assist Shogun Minamoto no Sanetomo and take control of politics.
Birth of Sekke Shogun
From around this time, the power struggle within the Shogunate continued, and Hojo Opposition appears and disappears, 1219 Finally Shogun Minamoto no Sanetomo assassinated Will be done. After the death of Minamoto no Sanetomo, the land of Genji, including the brothers of Yoritomo, was not lost, but from the perspective of Mr. Hojo, who was in control of the shogunate at that time, it was easy to get support from the Gokenins. / strong> Then, it was inconvenient for the politics of authority. Therefore, the regent who was also a relative of Yoritomo From Kujo Yoritsune Became a shogun.
Looking at the table above, Minamoto no Sanetomo and Kujo Yoritsune There is a period during which the shogun is absent. During this time, Emperor Go-Toba By Jokyu War Will be awakened.
These two generations of Sekke Shogun Although the official position is not much different from Shogun Genji, the general is a person who has the potential to rise to customs, so he is in a noble position with Shogun Kamakura so far, and because of his character as a samurai lord. I succeeded in keeping it away.
However, this Kujo Yoritsune / Yoritsugu Sekke Shogun As an adult, he has a unique tendency to run the government, and he takes a rebellious attitude toward his authority, and both of them are banished from the general post.
Birth of General Miya
So 1252 Authority Hojo Tokiyori By Emperor Gosaga Prince Munetaka , the first prince of Will be welcomed as a general.
In the Jokyu War by Emperor Go-Toba, although the Shogunate side won, the Shogun General was appointed by the imperial court and was established, so if it is regarded as a morning enemy, the legitimacy of the administration will be lost. Therefore, by changing the 6th and subsequent shoguns from the Miyake to the shogun, it played a role in connecting the Kamakura Shogunate and the imperial court, and had a great significance in justifying the existence of the Shogunate.
In this way, from 1252 to the destruction of the Kamakura Shogunate, Shogun was welcomed by Shogun for generations, and it was customary that the Shogun was basically not involved in politics. Then, Mr. Hojo, who strengthened the former power of the shogun, concentrates his power on the Hojo Soke.
At that time, the Hojo Soke was [ Tokusou ], So the above political system is Tokusou monopoly Is called.
Why didn't Mr. Hojo become a shogun?
One question remains here.
Why did Mr. Hojo, who had such power, hold the power of the shogunate as an authority without becoming a shogun?
The chief of the shogunate is a shogun. I wish I could be a shogun, but why didn't I?
The shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate needed a certain amount of centripetal force for the Gokenins. Therefore, Mr. Hojo, who came from a small family of Izu, could not become a shogun. So perhaps the best way for us to take power was politics.