Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth I is queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603. She succeeds her half-sister Marie and will be the last representative of the Tudor house. Sometimes referred to as the Virgin Queen “, she has long enjoyed a very positive image, being considered
Julius Caesar (c. 100-44 BC) was an ancient Roman general and statesman. Become consul in -59, he engages in the Gallic war and defeats Vercingetorix during the siege of Alesia in 52 BC. Four years later, Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon and marched on Rome with his army. After defeating his rival
Summary:Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) was a politician and Soviet leader who dominated the political life of the USSR from 1924, occupying power until his death in 1953. By his political and military weight, he made USSR the second world power and its action had a determining influence on the territoria
Prime Minister of Louis XIII from 1624 to 1642, Cardinal de Richelieu occupies an eminent place in the pantheon of great French statesmen. He will have presided, alongside the king with whom he will form a memorable political duo, to the great return of France on the international scene after the bl
Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683) was one of Louis XIVs most important ministers. Recommended by Cardinal Mazarin, Colbert quickly became one of the young kings main advisers. In 1665, after participating in the fall of Nicolas Fouquet, he in turn became Superintendent of Finances. Promoter of royal
Winston Churchill (1874-1965) was a British statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 in the midst of World War II (and again from 1951 to 1955). An atypical figure in British political life, Churchill enjoyed a career of exceptional longevity. From the early 193
Italian Renaissance Prince, Laurenius de Medici (nicknamed Laurent the Magnificent ) ruled the Republic of Florence from 1469 to 1492. Coming from a family of wealthy bankers, the Medici, Lorenzo succeeded his father in 1469 at the head of this city-state and succeeded in making Florence the most po
Great figure of the Third Republic,Georges Clemenceau (1841-1929) was a French politician who had an exceptionally long political career. Wielding rhetoric with talent and not devoid of humour, the one who will be nicknamed “the Tiger” then “the Father of Victory” fiercely defended his vision of soc
Catherine II the Great was Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. Installing herself on the throne following a coup against her husband, Tsar Peter III, she continued the process of Westernization of Russia begun by Peter the Great. “Enlightened despot” with authoritarian methods, corresponding with
Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) was an American statesman and sixteenth President of the United States from 1861 to 1865 . The election to the presidency of this Republican and militant anti-slavery deputy caused the secession of the Southern States, which created the Confederate States of America in Fe
King of England from 1509 to 1547, Henry VIII is best known for his complicated relationship with his wives, since he had two executed, and the annulment of his first marriage was the cause of the schism with Rome. Nevertheless, Henry VIII was also the king of an England who had the will to pose as
Ivan IV the Terrible (1530-1584), Grand Prince of Moscow and Tsar of Russia is one of the founders of the Russian state. He is one of the most famous Russian sovereigns in the West along with Pierre Le Grand, Catherine II and Nicolas II. If the latter are known for their reforms or for their disastr
Pericles (c. 495-429 BC) was an Athenian politician and strategist of Ancient Greece. Re-elected strategist without interruption between 443 and 431 BC. J.-C., Pericles is the outstanding figure of Athens of the 5th century and gives its name to this sumptuous period. In the city, which politically
The Cardinal of Mazarin (1602-1661) was the chief minister of the regent Anne of Austria during the first years of the reign of Louis XIV . When Louis XIII died in 1643, he became the guardian of the young monarch, who was then five years old. With the regent Anne of Austria, who appointed him princ
Frédéric Mistral (1830-1914) is a French poet, fervent supporter of the revival of the Occitan language. Bearing the name of this cool wind blowing in the south of France, he was the father of the essential work Mireille, but also lexicographer, ethnographer, poet, great defender of culture and the
Get the Emperors attention Louis Pasteur, born in 1822 in Dole, was already an eminent professor of physics and chemistry when Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte proclaimed the Second Empire in 1852. Deeply Bonapartist, Pasteur stayed more and more frequently in Paris. He entered the Academy of Sciences D
After the dazzling Cécile Sorel and the mutineer Anna Held , meet the beautiful and opportunistic Lillie Langtry . The one who was also an actress and mistress of the future King Edward VII of England will succeed in taking advantage of the incredible developments of her time to shape herself an imp
Meeting with Thibault Gandouly, history-geography teacher in a high school in the Oise. Originally from Toulouse, he was passionate about Napoleon III, the Second Empire and Bonapartism under the Third Republic. For his first biography, released this month by Via Romana editions, he chose the very l
At the beginning of 1944, Hungary was still relatively spared from deportations in the concentration camps. The country was seen as a stronghold, a protected sanctuary for Jews from all over Europe who fled the Nazis and took refuge there. Everything changed radically in March 1944. The Group of Fi
Eclipsed in the collective memory by Liane de Pougy, Caroline Otéro or Cléo de Mérode, Lina Cavalieri began her career as a singer at the café-concert, before becoming a soprano at the Opera. Celebrated as one of the most perfect beauties of the demi-monde, the diva seduces four husbands and countle
Eclipsed in the collective memory by Liane de Pougy, Caroline Otéro or Cléo de Mérode, Lina Cavalieri began her career as a singer at the café-concert, before becoming a soprano at the Opera. Celebrated as one of the most perfect beauties of the demi-monde, the diva seduces four husbands and countle
Isabella of Castile is the daughter of King John II of Castile. In 1469 she married King Ferdinand of Aragon of Spain. On the death of Henry IV, Isabella proclaimed herself queen of Castile in 1474. The war of succession that followed, and in which Isabella won the victory, lasted from 1475 to 1479.
French sailor. Wing commander in 1779, he participated in the American Revolutionary War, contributing to the victory at Yorktown in 1781. This success made him named lieutenant general. But he was defeated and taken prisoner in 1782 near Dominica.
In 1949, more than 8 lakh refugees entered West Bengal, Assam and Tripura from East Pakistan. These refugees were being forced into Indian territories by Pakistani authorities. These were Hindu citizens killed by violence and persecution. Nehru invited the Prime Minister of Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan