- Size of the empire: The Roman Empire was vast, and it became increasingly difficult for a single emperor to effectively manage all of its provinces. By dividing the empire, Diocletian made it easier to administer and defend.
- Political stability: Diocletian wanted to ensure that there would be a smooth transition of power after his death. By appointing a co-emperor, he created a system of dual monarchy that would help to prevent civil war.
- Military threats: The empire was facing several military threats at the time, including attacks from the Persians in the east and the Germanic tribes in the west. By dividing the empire, Diocletian could more easily focus on these threats and respond to them more quickly.
- Administrative efficiency: Dividing the empire also allowed for greater administrative efficiency. Each co-emperor was responsible for a specific region of the empire, and they had the authority to make decisions and take action without having to consult with the other emperor. This made it possible to make decisions more quickly and effectively.
Overall, Diocletian's decision to divide the empire and appoint a co-emperor was a strategic move that helped to strengthen and stabilize the Roman Empire. It allowed for more effective administration and defense, and it helped to ensure a smooth transition of power after Diocletian's death.