1. Predynastic Period (c. 5500 - c. 3100 BCE):
- This period marks the development of early civilizations along the Nile River.
- It includes the Badarian, Naqada I, Naqada II, and Naqada III cultures.
2. Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100 - c. 2686 BCE):
- This period begins with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the rule of the first pharaoh.
- It includes the First and Second Dynasties.
3. Old Kingdom (c. 2686 - c. 2181 BCE):
- The Old Kingdom is known for the construction of some of the most iconic Egyptian pyramids, including the Great Pyramids of Giza.
- It includes the Third through Sixth Dynasties.
4. First Intermediate Period (c. 2181 - c. 2055 BCE):
- A period of political instability and decentralization.
- It includes the Seventh through Eleventh Dynasties.
5. Middle Kingdom (c. 2055 - c. 1650 BCE):
- A period of renewed stability and prosperity.
- It includes the Twelfth Dynasty and a portion of the Thirteenth Dynasty.
6. Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650 - c. 1550 BCE):
- Another period of political instability, including invasions from foreign rulers.
- It includes the latter portion of the Thirteenth Dynasty, the Fourteenth Dynasty, and the Fifteenth Dynasty.
7. New Kingdom (c. 1550 - c. 1070 BCE):
- The New Kingdom is considered one of the most powerful periods in Egyptian history.
- It includes the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties.
8. Third Intermediate Period (c. 1070 - c. 664 BCE):
- A period of political instability and foreign rule.
- It includes the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-fifth Dynasties.
9. Late Period (c. 664 - c. 332 BCE):
- The Late Period marks the decline of ancient Egyptian power.
- It includes the Twenty-sixth Dynasty (Saite Dynasty) and the rule of the Persian Achaemenid Dynasty.
10. Ptolemaic Period (c. 332 - c. 30 BCE):
- This period begins with the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great and the subsequent rule of the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
- It ends with the death of Cleopatra VII and the Roman conquest of Egypt.