Rich civilization: Cortés had been told that the Aztecs were highly skilled craftsmen, known for producing exquisite gold, silver, and feather works, as well as intricate textiles. He understood the potential economic rewards of conquering such an advanced civilization.
Powerful empire: Cortés had learned about the vast extent of the Aztec Empire, which stretched from the Valley of Mexico to the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. He understood the strategic importance of defeating the Aztecs and gaining control of their territories, which would make Spain the dominant power in the Americas.
Aztec military: Cortés had heard of the Aztec's formidable military strength. He knew the Aztec warriors were skilled in battle and had a strong and organized military system. Therefore, he realized the need for careful planning and preparation before engaging with them in conflict.
Religion and political system: Cortés gained knowledge of the Aztecs' religious beliefs and practices, including their polytheistic religion, human sacrifice, and the importance of priests in their society. He also understood the political structure of the Aztec Empire, with the emperor Montezuma as the supreme ruler.
Weakness: Despite acknowledging Aztec power, Cortés had heard about potential political tensions within the empire. Various subject tribes were reportedly unhappy with Aztec rule, and he saw the opportunity to exploit these divisions to his advantage.
The knowledge that Cortés acquired from previous explorers, coupled with his own military skills and diplomatic abilities, played a crucial role in his successful conquest of the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century.