The Colosseum withstood several major earthquakes, including one in 1349 that caused the outer wall to collapse.
Fire
A large fire in the 3rd century AD heavily damaged the Colosseum.
Wars and invasions
The Colosseum was damaged during several wars and invasions, including the sack of Rome by the Vandals in 455 AD.
The extraction of marble and other materials
From the 5th century AD onwards, the Colosseum was used as a quarry for building materials.
The weathering effects of time
Over time, the Colosseum has been exposed to the elements and natural erosion.