1. Teepee Dwellings: The Kiowa people lived in teepees made from buffalo hides. These teepees were easily portable and well-suited for their nomadic lifestyle.
2. Buffalo Hunting: The Kiowa were skilled buffalo hunters. Buffalo provided sustenance, clothing, shelter, and various tools. They used bows and arrows, spears, and later acquired guns for hunting.
3. Horseback Riding: The Kiowa were known for their prowess as horsemen. Horses revolutionized their hunting and warfare tactics, greatly enhancing their mobility and effectiveness.
4. Raiding and Warfare: Kiowa warriors engaged in raiding and warfare against neighboring tribes and sometimes European settlers. Raids were often conducted to acquire resources, horses, and prestige.
5. Scalp Taking: Scalping was a common practice among the Kiowa. They viewed scalps as trophies and symbols of bravery and victory in battle.
6. Sun Dance Ceremony: The Sun Dance was a significant religious ceremony for the Kiowa. It involved fasting, prayer, dancing, and piercing rituals to honor the sun and seek spiritual blessings.
7. Kiowa Sign Language: The Kiowa developed a sign language as a means of communication, particularly during hunts or warfare when silence was crucial.
8. Art and Crafts: Kiowa women were skilled in making beadwork, quillwork, and intricate designs on clothing, tipis, and other items. Men produced beautiful artwork, including shields and painted buffalo robes.
9. Oral Traditions: The Kiowa had a rich oral tradition. They passed down their history, legends, stories, and cultural knowledge through storytelling.
10. Peyote Ceremony: The Kiowa adopted the use of peyote in religious ceremonies in the late 19th century. The Peyote Ceremony became integral to their spiritual practices.
These customs reflected the Kiowa people's adaptation to their environment, social structure, and cultural heritage.