1. Religious Freedom: One of the primary motivations for colonizing was the pursuit of religious freedom. The Church of England, also known as the Anglican Church, was the official religion of England during this period, and those who dissented from its practices and doctrines faced persecution. Groups such as the Puritans, Quakers, and Separatists sought refuge in the New World, where they could establish their own religious communities and worship freely.
2. Economic Opportunities: The prospect of economic opportunities attracted settlers to the colonies. The New World offered abundant resources, fertile land, and the chance for individuals to own property and establish successful businesses. Some colonies were founded specifically for commercial purposes, such as the Virginia Company of London, which aimed to establish a profitable tobacco industry in Jamestown.
3. Political Unrest: Political instability and conflicts in England also contributed to the founding of new colonies. Many colonists were disillusioned with the existing political system or were seeking to escape the social and political tensions in their home country. They saw the New World as a place where they could build new societies based on their own values and beliefs.
4. Geographical Discoveries: The period between 1634 and 1670 saw significant geographical explorations and discoveries. The English began to explore the North American coastline more thoroughly, leading to the establishment of new settlements in previously unexplored areas. The desire to expand England's territorial claims and establish a global presence also motivated the founding of new colonies.
5. Proprietary Colonies: Some colonies were established as proprietary colonies, granted by the English Crown to individuals or companies. These individuals or companies were responsible for the settlement and management of the colonies, but they also enjoyed significant autonomy and the opportunity for personal gain. Proprietary colonies, such as Maryland and Pennsylvania, were founded during this period.
It's important to note that not all new colonies founded during this period were successful, and some faced challenges and setbacks. However, the period from 1634 to 1670 marked a significant era of colonization and expansion for England, driven by a variety of motivations, including religious freedom, economic opportunities, and political unrest.