.Henry VII takes the throne: In 1485, Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field and claimed the English throne as Henry VII. This marked the end of the Wars of the Roses and the beginning of the Tudor dynasty.
.Henry VIII's break with Rome: In the 1530s, Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church and established the Church of England, making himself its Supreme Head. This led to the English Reformation and had profound religious, political, and social consequences for England.
.The dissolution of the monasteries: In the 1530s and 1540s, Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries and other religious houses in England, confiscating their lands and wealth. This had a major impact on the social and economic structure of the country.
.The Spanish Armada: In 1588, the Spanish Armada, a fleet of ships sent by King Philip II of Spain, attempted to invade England. However, the English fleet, led by Lord Admiral Howard of Effingham and Sir Francis Drake, defeated the Armada, securing England's independence from Spanish domination.
.Elizabeth I's reign: The reign of Elizabeth I (1558–1603) is considered a golden age in English history. She was a popular and successful monarch who maintained peace and prosperity in England and established England as a major naval and commercial power.
.The defeat of the Spanish Armada: In 1588, the English fleet defeated the Spanish Armada, which was sent by King Philip II of Spain to invade England. This was a major victory for England and helped to establish the country as a major naval power.
.The defeat of the French: In 1558, the English defeated the French at the Battle of Gravelines, which secured English control of the English Channel. This was another important victory for England and helped to establish the country as a major military power.
.The unification of England and Scotland: In 1603, James VI of Scotland succeeded Elizabeth I as King of England, uniting the two kingdoms under a single monarch. This was the beginning of the Stuart dynasty.
These events had a profound impact on the history of England and shaped the course of the nation for centuries to come.