I. Long Lyre (Binit) and its Variants:
1. Long Lyre (Binit): This is the most common and iconic type of lyre in ancient Egyptian music. It consists of a long, horizontal soundbox with rounded ends and strings stretched over a bridge located at the upper end. The binit is typically played by plucking the strings with a plectrum or with the fingers. It was associated with celebrations and religious ceremonies.
2. Harp-Lyre: This is a variant of the long lyre that features a larger soundbox and a curved neck, somewhat resembling a small harp. The strings are attached to the neck, and the instrument is plucked with a plectrum. The harp-lyre is often depicted in ancient Egyptian art and is believed to have been used in religious rituals.
3. Stick Lyre: This is a simplified form of the long lyre, consisting of a single wooden stick with strings attached to one or both ends. It is played by strumming or plucking the strings with a plectrum or the fingers. The stick lyre was commonly associated with popular music and dances.
II. U-Shaped Lyre:
The U-shaped lyre, also known as the "nanga lyre," is a less common type of lyre in ancient Egyptian music. It consists of a shallow, U-shaped soundbox with strings stretched across the open end of the U shape. The strings are attached to a small yoke or crossbar at one end of the soundbox. The nanga lyre is typically played by plucking the strings with the fingers.
These two main types of ancient Egyptian lyres showcase the diversity of musical instruments used in the rich cultural heritage of Egypt.