1. Written Sources:
- Chronicles: Accounts of historical events written in chronological order.
- Documents: Official records, letters, treaties, and other written materials.
- Newspapers: Provide daily accounts of current events and public opinion.
- Memoirs and Biographies: Personal recollections and accounts of individuals.
- Travelogues: Writings about journeys and experiences in different regions.
2. Oral Traditions:
- Oral Histories: Stories, songs, and legends passed down through generations.
- Interviews: Conversations with individuals who have personal knowledge of historical events.
- Ethnographies: Studies of cultures and traditions of specific groups.
3. Archaeological Sources:
- Artifacts: Objects found through excavations, such as coins, pottery, tools, and ruins.
- Epigraphs: Inscriptions found on rocks, monuments, and other surfaces.
4. Visual Sources:
- Paintings: Depictions of historical events and daily life.
- Photographs: Captured moments in history and provide visual documentation.
- Films and Documentaries: Offer visual narratives of historical events and periods.
5. Digital Sources:
- Websites: Online repositories of historical documents, images, and information.
- Digital Archives: Collections of digitalized historical records and resources.
- Social Media: Platforms where historical content and discussions can be found.
It's important to evaluate the credibility and authenticity of sources when studying modern Indian history, considering factors like the time period, authorship, and potential biases or perspectives.