The Sumerians developed the first writing system, cuneiform. Cuneiform was a system of wedge-shaped marks made on clay tablets. It was used to write in Sumerian, Akkadian, and other languages.
Mathematics
The Babylonians developed a system of mathematics that was based on 60. This system is still used today to measure time and angles. The Babylonians also developed the concept of zero.
Astronomy
The Babylonians were also skilled astronomers. They observed the stars and planets and made accurate predictions about their movements. They also developed a calendar that was based on the moon's cycles.
Architecture
The Mesopotamians built some of the most impressive architecture of the ancient world. Their buildings included temples, palaces, and ziggurats. Ziggurats were stepped towers that were used as temples.
Art
The Mesopotamians produced a wide variety of art, including sculpture, painting, and jewelry. Their art often depicted religious subjects.
Science
The Mesopotamians made important advances in science, including metallurgy, chemistry, and medicine. They developed a variety of alloys, such as bronze, and they were also skilled in the art of glassmaking.
Law
The Mesopotamians developed one of the first legal codes, the Code of Hammurabi. The code was a collection of laws that covered a wide variety of topics, including criminal law, civil law, and family law.
Education
The Mesopotamians placed a high value on education. They established schools where students learned to read, write, and do mathematics. They also learned about history, religion, and science.