Knowing how our civilization has developed is informative and interesting. Now there are many different disputes and questions about the generally accepted chronology. However, I propose to recall the school course and pay attention to the key events that took place as our civilization developed. Let's start by looking at events from 5000 to 1000 BC. A lot has happened during this time, but let's talk about everything in order.
5000-4000 BC e. Eneolithic cultures in Mesopotamia:Eredu, El-Ubeid, Uruk. Appears artificial irrigation, potter's wheel. Al-Ubeid was already a large settlement with an area of up to 10 hectares
3900 BC e. The origin of statehood in Mesopotamia. Historically, Sumer consisted of cities (Akkad, Eshnunna, Ur, Uruk, Lagash), some of which were at times city-states
Ok. 3000 BC e. King Menee united Upper and Lower Egypt under his rule and founded the capital, the city of Abydos. In memory of the unification, the pharaohs wore two crowns inserted one into the other - red (Lower Egypt) and white (Upper Egypt)
3000 BC e. The first lunar calendar appeared in Mesopotamia
3000-2000 BC e. The existence of the city-state Ashur on the Tigris, in the future the core of the Assyrian state. The existence of an agricultural Trypillian culture on the territory of Ukraine, Moldova and Romania
3000-2800 BC e. The period of rule in Egypt of the first two dynasties - the Early Kingdom (capital - Memphis)
2800-2250 BC e. The period of the Old Kingdom in Egypt, the appearance of the first pyramids
2750-2315 BC e. The foundation of the city-states of Ur, Uruk, Lagash, Kish, Nippur in Mesopotamia and the struggle for leadership between them
2675 BC e. Strengthening of the city-state of Uruk in Mesopotamia, led by King Gilgamesh
2609 BC e. The beginning of the reign of Pharaoh Djoser in Egypt. Creating a Stone Step Pyramid
Ok. 2551 BC e. The coming to power of Pharaoh Cheops, the construction of the pyramid
Ok. 2600 BC e. The emergence of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa cultures in India
2316-2176 BC e. The unification of Mesopotamia under the rule of Sargon the Ancient, ruler of Akkad. The Sumero-Akkadian kingdom arises and develops
2250-2050 BC e. The period of the first collapse of Egypt
Ok. 2050 BC e. The unification of Egypt by the pharaoh of the XI dynasty Mentuhotep I
2050-1785 BC e. The period of the Middle Kingdom in Egypt
2003-1595 BC e. Old Babylonian Kingdom
Ok. 2000 BC e. Beginning of Maya culture in Mesoamerica (Central America)
1913-1903 BC e. War between Egypt and Nubia
1900 BC e. Achaean invasion of Greece
1792-1750 BC e. The reign of the Babylonian king Hammurabi, the emergence of the first written code of laws (the laws of Hammurabi)
1785-1580 BC e. The period of the second collapse of Egypt
Ok. 1700s BC e. The invasion of Egypt by the Hyksos tribes from northern Arabia and southern Syria
1600-1027 BC e. The period of existence of the state of Shang-Yin
1650-1200 BC e . The emergence and development of the Ancient Hittite kingdom.
1595 BC e. The destruction of Babylon by the Hittite king Mursili I. The fall of the Old Babylonian kingdom and the transition of Mesopotamia under the rule of the nomadic Kassite tribes
1580-1085 BC e. The period of the New Kingdom in Egypt (the completion of the defeat of the Hyksos by Pharaoh Ahmose, the revival of Egypt)
Ok. 1500 BC e. The emergence of the Olmec culture on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico
1365-1348 BC e. The reign of Pharaoh Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton). Religious reform in Egypt - an attempt to introduce a monotheistic religion (worship of the single god Aton)
Ok. 1320 BC e. Exodus of Jews from Egypt
1290-1224 BC e. The reign of the pharaoh of the XIX dynasty - Ramesses II. Wars with the Hittites. The economic and political flourishing of Egypt, the division of Syria between Egypt and the Hittites
1280-1261 BC e. The first written evidence of the existence of the state of Urartu
Ok. 1260 BC e. Trojan War. Capture by the Achaean Union of the strategically important city of Ilion (Troy) in Asia Minor
1223 BC e. Assyrian capture of Babylonia
1200-800 BC e. The heyday of the Phoenician (Sidonian) state
1200-1100 BC e. The invasion of the Dorian tribes and the destruction of the Achaean civilization
1122-770 BC e. The reign of the Zhou Dynasty in China. The existence of the state of Western Zhou
1197 BC e. Restoration of a territorially unified Egypt under Pharaoh SetnakhtI
1125-1103 BC e. The reign of the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar I and the strengthening of the role of Babylon in Asia Minor
1115-1077 BC e. The reign of the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser I
1075-945 BC e. The decline of Egypt and its division into two parts
1029-928 BC e. The emergence and development of Ancient Israel - a single kingdom of the Jewish people, founded by King Saul