1. Post-Impressionism:
- Post-Impressionism, emerging in the late 1880s, laid the groundwork for modern art. Artists like Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cezanne, and Georges Seurat experimented with vibrant colors, exaggerated brushstrokes, and symbolic imagery, challenging conventional representations.
2. Cubism:
- Cubism, developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque around 1907, revolutionized the traditional depiction of form and perspective. Cubist paintings deconstructed objects into geometric shapes, presenting multiple viewpoints simultaneously.
3. Fauvism:
- Fauvism, characterized by bold and vibrant colors, emerged around 1905. Artists like Henri Matisse and Andre Derain simplified forms and used intense, non-naturalistic colors to express emotions.
4. Expressionism:
- Expressionism, originating in Germany in the early 20th century, emphasized the artist's emotional and subjective experiences. Expressionist artists, like Edvard Munch, distorted forms, used vibrant colors, and applied bold brushstrokes to convey intense emotions.
5. Dadaism:
- Dadaism, arising during World War I, rejected traditional artistic norms and embraced absurdity and chance. Dadaists, such as Marcel Duchamp and Hannah Hoch, created collages, ready-made objects, and performance art that challenged conventions.
6. Surrealism:
- Surrealism, emerging in the 1920s, emphasized the subconscious mind, dreams, and irrationality. Surrealists, including Salvador Dali, Rene Magritte, and Man Ray, employed dream-like imagery, unexpected juxtapositions, and unconventional techniques.
7. Abstract Expressionism:
- Abstract Expressionism, prevalent in the United States after World War II, focused on the artist's emotional expression through abstract forms, gestures, and colors. Artists like Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, and Mark Rothko created large-scale, emotionally charged paintings.
These movements and many others contributed to the diverse and multifaceted nature of modern art, breaking away from traditional artistic styles and conventions and paving the way for contemporary art.