1. Political Instability: Hindustan was divided into several independent kingdoms and sultanates, each with its own ruler. This made it difficult for Babur to establish his authority and consolidate power.
2. Resistance from Local Rulers: The local rulers in Hindustan were reluctant to accept Babur's rule and resisted his attempts to conquer their territories. This led to several battles and conflicts between Babur and the local rulers.
3. Unfamiliar Terrain: The terrain of Hindustan was unfamiliar to Babur and his Central Asian troops. They had to adapt to the different landscapes, climate, and weather conditions, which posed logistical challenges for their military campaigns.
4. Lack of Support: Babur initially lacked support from the local population in Hindustan. Many people viewed him as a foreign invader and were hesitant to cooperate with him. This made it difficult for Babur to establish a stable and effective administration.
5. Religious Differences: Babur was a Muslim, while many of the people in Hindustan were Hindus. This religious difference created tensions between Babur and the local population and made it challenging for him to gain the support of the Hindu majority.
6. Financial Constraints: Babur's military campaigns required significant resources, and he often faced financial constraints. He had to rely on plunder and tribute from conquered territories to sustain his army and maintain his rule.
7. Language and Cultural Barriers: Babur and his troops spoke a different language and had a different cultural background than the people of Hindustan. This created communication difficulties and made it challenging for them to interact and build relationships with the local population.
Despite these challenges, Babur was able to overcome them and establish the Mughal Empire in Hindustan. His military prowess, strategic alliances, and administrative skills were crucial in consolidating his power and laying the foundation for the Mughal rule that would last for several centuries.