- Alfred fortified Wessex with a network of fortified towns, or burhs, to serve as strongholds and refuges for his people.
- These fortifications were strategically located along rivers and at key points to hinder the advance of the Danes and protect his kingdom.
- The burhs were designed with strong walls, gates, and towers, making it difficult for the Vikings to conquer them.
Mobile Warfare
- Instead of engaging in direct confrontations with the larger and more experienced Danish armies, Alfred adopted a strategy of mobile warfare.
- He divided his forces into smaller, more agile units that could quickly move and strike at the Vikings when they were vulnerable, such as during raids or when they were setting up camp.
- This tactic allowed Alfred's forces to exploit their knowledge of the terrain and surprise their enemies.
Use of Guerilla Tactics
- Alfred's forces used guerilla tactics, including hit-and-run attacks, ambushes, and raids, to harass and weaken the Danes.
- They struck at the Danes' supply lines, disrupted their communications, and prevented them from establishing a stable base in Wessex.
Exploitation of the Viking's Weaknesses
- Alfred recognized the Vikings' strengths, such as their skill in naval warfare and their ferocity in battle.
- He used this knowledge to his advantage by avoiding正面交锋 on the open seas and instead focusing on land engagements, where his fortified towns and mobile forces gave him an advantage.
Intelligence Gathering
- Alfred placed great importance on intelligence gathering and reconnaissance.
- He established a network of spies and scouts to gather information about the movements and plans of the Danes.
- This allowed him to anticipate their attacks and respond accordingly.
Naval Strategy
- Recognizing the importance of naval power, Alfred initiated the development of a strong navy.
- He built new ships, known as "longships," that were faster, more maneuverable, and better armed than the Viking vessels.
- This naval force enabled Alfred to challenge the Danes at sea, disrupt their raids, and protect the coastline of Wessex.
Collaboration and Alliances
- Alfred sought to build alliances with neighboring kingdoms and rulers to unite against the common threat of the Danes.
- He gained support from the Mercians and other Saxon kingdoms, as well as the Welsh, who shared an interest in repelling the invaders.
Combination of Military and Cultural Strategies
- Alfred's military strategies were complemented by his cultural and educational reforms.
- By promoting literacy, education, and the development of an Anglo-Saxon identity, he fostered unity and morale among his people, strengthening their resolve to resist the Danes.