1. Susa and Elam: Babylonians had extensive trade relations with Susa, the capital of the Elamite kingdom. The Elamites were known for their skilled craftsmanship and metalworking, which were valued by the Babylonians.
2. Mesopotamia: The city-states and empires of Mesopotamia, including Assyria, Isin, Larsa, and Mari, were all important trading partners for Babylonia. They exchanged agricultural goods, textiles, and manufactured products.
3. Anatolia: Babylonia traded with various cultures in Anatolia (present-day Turkey), such as the Hitites and the Hurrians. Imports included metal ores and various natural resources.
4. Levant: The cities along the Mediterranean coast of the Levant, including Byblos, Tyre, Sidon, and Ugarit, were crucial trade hubs for Babylonia. They facilitated trade with Egypt, Cyprus, and other parts of the Mediterranean.
5. Persia: Babylonia maintained close economic ties with the Persian kingdom. The Persians supplied raw materials, such as timber, horses, and precious metals, while the Babylonians exported finished products and luxury items.
6. India: Babylonia had indirect trade relations with India, through the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea. Indian goods such as spices, dyes, and textiles were highly sought after by the Babylonians.
7. Arabia: The Babylonians traded with the various tribes and settlements in Arabia, exchanging agricultural produce, textiles, and spices.
8. Egypt: Although direct evidence of trade between ancient Babylonia and Egypt is limited, historical records indicate occasional diplomatic exchanges and trade missions between the two civilizations.
9. Dilmun: Dilmun, believed to be centered around modern-day Bahrain, was an important trading hub for Babylonia in the Persian Gulf. It was known for its production of copper and other valuable commodities.
10. Magan and Meluhha: Magan and Meluhha were terms used by the Babylonians to refer to distant lands, possibly located in the region of modern-day Oman and the Indus Valley. These regions exported valuable resources such as copper, ebony, and precious stones.
Overall, ancient Babylonia's trade network spanned a vast geographic area, connecting them to diverse civilizations and cultures, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies that enriched both Babylonian and foreign societies.