1. Pre-Departure Rituals:
- Ihram: Before embarking on the pilgrimage, Muslims enter a state of purity and dedication known as the "Ihram" by wearing specified, seamless, white clothing that represents unity and humbleness.
2. Arrival in Mecca:
- Tawaf al-Qudum: Upon reaching Mecca, pilgrims must first perform a special circumambulation of the Kaaba, known as Tawaf al-Qudum. They walk around the Kaaba counterclockwise seven times while focusing their intention on worshiping God.
3. Day of Arafat (Yawm al-Arafah):
- Sermon at Mount Arafat: Pilgrims listen to an important sermon on Mount Arafat that stresses equality, peace, charity, and good character. This day's prayers and supplications are considered highly meritorious.
4. Day of Sacrifice (Eid al-Adha):
- Animal Sacrifice: Pilgrims sacrifice animals—typically sheep, goats, cows, or camels—in commemoration of the Prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son. The meat is then distributed to those in need.
- Stoning of the Devil (Ramy al-Jamarat): Pilgrims perform symbolic ritual stoning to reject satanic influence. They throw seven pebbles each at three pillars representing the devil.
5. Tawaf Az-Ziyarah and Sa'i:
- Tawaf Az-Ziyarah: After offering the sacrifice, pilgrims complete another special circumambulation of the Kaaba, referred to as the "Tawaf Az-Ziyarah."
- Sa'i: Following Tawaf Az-Ziyarah, pilgrims undertake "Sa'i," which requires them to walk and jog seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah, retracing the steps of Hagar during her search for water for her son Ismail.
6. Departure and Farewell Rituals:
- Tawaf Al-Widâ: Before leaving Mecca, pilgrims carry out a farewell circumambulation of the Kaaba, expressing their love and respect for the sacred Kaaba and bidding farewell to Mecca.
- Celebration: The hajj culminates in celebrations marking Eid al-Adha, which is marked by prayers, slaughtering of animals, and festivities honoring God's blessings and completing the sacred pilgrimage.
It's important to note that, due to the large number of pilgrims, these rituals are meticulously organized while upholding safety and religious authenticity to provide a transformative spiritual experience for all participants.