Looking at the transition of power during the Heian period, it seems that Mr. Fujiwara had power all the time until Taira no Kiyomori came out, probably because he had a strong image of Fujiwara no Kamatari and Michinaga, but in reality Fujiwara family (customs politics) ⇒ Emperor (cloister rule) ⇒ Taira no Kiyomori It has changed.
Yin Wood Snake Fujiwara no Kamatari The child, Fuhito, had his daughter entered into Emperor Monmu and Emperor Shomu, and established his position as a consort kin of the emperor. In this way, successive Fujiwara clan married a remarkable royal family when the princess was born, so that no matter who became the emperor, the regents could speak to politics as a consort kin.
This political system is customs politics However, it lasted for more than 170 years from 794. However, it was Emperor Go-Sanjo who broke this chain, and the subsequent regent, Mr. Fujiwara, will continue to decline.
After that, the cloister rule by the emeritus began, and the famous beginning was Emperor Shirakawa, who was crowned as the emperor in 1073 and transferred in 1086. However, it was Emperor Go-Sanjo who was the father of Emperor Shirakawa and achieved various reforms during the transition period to the cloister rule, and is also famous as a master of the Heian period.
Genealogy of Emperor Gosanjo
Emperor Gosanjo Is Fujiwara no Michinaga Emperor Go-Suzaku Second Prince Was born as.
At this point, he was in a position without the right to succeed to the throne.
This Emperor Go-Suzaku There were two princes in.
- Imperial prince (first prince, later Emperor Go-Reizen), mother is Fujiwara no Michinaga's daughter, Kishi
- Prince Teishi (second prince, later Emperor Go-Sanjo) Mother is the daughter of Emperor Sanjo, Princess Teishi
Looking at the genealogy, Princess Teishi's mother Is the eldest daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga, Kenshi So, from the perspective of Emperor Gosanjo, he is a grandmother. On the other hand, Emperor Go-Reizen Is Fujiwara no Kishi To her mother, Kampaku at the time, Fujiwara no Yorimichi I have been adopted as a child of close to Michinaga For some reason, it was the default route to become the next emperor.
The birth of Fujiwara no Michinaga's fourth son, Nonobu
However, a person who tried to change this trend appeared from the regents.
Fujiwara no Michinaga Fourth son Kampaku / Yorido's half-brother Yoshinobu is.
Fujiwara no Yoshinobu Is a half-brother with Norimichi and Norimichi, and his mother is Anwa no Hen . It was the daughter of Takaakira Minamoto, who was chased by the court. Therefore, because he was clearly different from the Ryodo brothers in the process of his career, he kept a distance from the Ryodo brothers of the Emperor Go-Reizen sect and Emperor Go-Sanjo . I will shift to.
The road of Emperor Gosanjo
Emperor Go-Suzaku was Imperial Prince (* Emperor Go-Reizen) at the time of his death. Imperial Prince (* Emperor Go-Sanjo) However, I was worried because of the opposition from Yorido and others who were afraid that an emperor who had a distant connection with the regents would appear. However, due to the strong push of Fujiwara no Yoshinobu, he became Tomiya and the Crown Prince at the age of 12 in 1045.
* For the sake of clarity, write Emperor Go-Sanjo and Emperor Go-Reizen.
Fujiwara no Yoshinobu He was Emperor Go-Sanjo after he became the emperor's younger brother, but he continued to be harassed by the Emperor Go-Reizen.
Usually, when it comes to Tomiya and the Crown Prince, " Tsubokiri Sword The treasure is inherited, but the pot-cutting sword is " Fujiwara's belly Tomiya treasure . For a long time, Yorido did not hand over.
After seeing that there is no future for such harassment, Emperor Sanjo is Fujiwara no Yoshinobu . He did not give up and married his adopted daughter, Shigeko, to Emperor Go-Sanjo, during which time Emperor Shirakawa and others were born.
Fearing that if Emperor Go-Reizen did not have a prince, he sent his daughters to Emperor Go-Reizen one after another, but he was not born and Emperor Go-Reizen collapsed.
Emperor Go-Reizen wasn't born and Retired.
Fujiwara no Yorimichi realized that it would be difficult to maintain power as a consort kin in the imperial court because Emperor Go-Reizen collapsed without the birth of a prince. Retirement because of old age To do.
It's sunny here 1068 In addition, King Takahito became the 71st Emperor Go-Sanjo, and he was able to draw pro-government without worrying about the Fujiwara Sekiseki family, and will proceed with various reforms.
Fujiwara no Yoshinobu, who was instrumental in the coronation of Emperor Go-Sanjo, died three years before the coronation without seeing the coronation of the emperor. Later, Emperor Shirakawa , who was the son of Emperor Go-Sanjo and the adopted girl of Nonobu, started the cloister rule. Refers to Fujiwara no Yoshinobu, who has returned to the Emperor's parenthood, as " Taifu-den . I heard that he was respected.
Political reform of Emperor Gosanjo
Emperor Go-Sanjo promoted various political reforms in consideration of Emperor Kanmu, who was the leader of the Emperor in the early Heian period.
Appointment of talented human resources
While giving consideration to the regents who have played a central role in politics, we have appointed talented human resources other than the regents, such as Nohnobu's child, Nocho, and Minamoto no Morofusa, who are the coronation meritors. Masafusa Oe Was active as a right-hand man who gave various advices to the cloister rule until the time of Emperor Shirakawa.
Oe no Masafusa This person is one of the two most outstanding students in the educational institution / university dormitory where the aristocratic children study, and among the faculties / kidendos that major in Chinese poetry and history, and is appointed as the most difficult official. I was qualified to take the exam at the age of 16.
In addition, I have passed the bureaucratic promotion test and strategy test, which only one person passes every three years, at the age of 18. Today's bar exam and certified accountant exam Will you have passed the above difficulty test twice?
Sugawara no Michizane, who I wrote about earlier, is also a writing profession student at the age of 18, but since Masafusa is two years earlier, I can see that he was superior to Michizane.
Price stabilization measures by the old price method and public squares
In addition, as economic policies, we have implemented the following two policies for price stability.
One is Kokaho With the enactment of, the official exchange rate for exchanging money and goods (rice, silk, etc.) was established, and is it like an exchange rate in the modern style?
In addition, the size of the basin for measuring the number of agricultural products and products has been officially set. As a result, one domestic standard was established for the size of the box, which was different for each region. After this, the size of the box set by Emperor Sanjo was Nobuhisa's proclamation . I call it.
On a different note, Oda Nobunaga Also 1568 To " Togo Masu Was adopted as a box for unifying the territory, Toyotomi Hideyoshi This box was used when deciding on the stones of the Taiko kenchi and collecting annual tribute.
Unification of the whole of Honshu with the victory of the Ezo Nobuhisa battle
Foreign policy is also positive, Emperor Kanmu 1070 to suppress Ezo, which was not achieved in the times I ordered Gen Yoritoshi and Kiyohara Sadahira. As a result, the entire Honshu region up to the Tsugaru region and the Shimokita Peninsula became Japanese territory.
Nobuhisa's villa reorganization order
Emperor Go-Sanjo reforms his private land, the mansion, in order to make the public land and civilian system, which is the basis of the Ritsuryo system, work. He was 1069 after being accused of being stagnant due to many illegal mansions. Nobuhisa's Mansion Arrangement Order Will be promulgated.
Prohibition of new villas and donations except for villas whose origin is clear and not administratively harmful. Did. In addition, as an administrative agency that examines whether the villa is illegal, record villa ticket office Was set up in Kyoto to prevent the local Kokushi from adhering and colluding with the lord of the manor.
As a result of the Nobuhisa Mansion Reorganization Ordinance, many of the regulated regents and temples and shrines were confiscated. Improve court finances I succeeded in making it.
Some of the confiscated villas were managed as the emperor's own villas, and the weakened imperial finances were also moistened. This finance was later the financial base of the cloister rule by Emperor Shirakawa. have become.
Establishing the foundation of cloister rule, but demise in the middle of the road
In order to maintain the weak influence of the Fujiwara Sekiseki family, he did not neglect the measures to succeed to the throne.
Emperor Go-Sanjo transferred to Prince Toneri (Emperor Shirakawa) in just four years after his coronation. It was decided to be Prince Toneri, who has a thin edge.
This completes the cloister rule The cloister rule by Emperor Go-Sanjo became a phantom because it collapsed the year after it was thought to have happened. However, his child, Sadato Imperial Prince (Emperor Shirakawa) Has inherited his will and started the cloister rule in earnest, which will bring the end of the customs politics by Mr. Fujiwara.
Emperor Sanjo Is Fujiwara no Michinaga I was reluctant to give up, but I may have been pleased with the achievements of Emperor Sanjo, who followed me. In this way, the pro-government by the emperor, which was the long-cherished wish of the imperial court, will continue for nearly 100 years.