Vikings were divided into loosely connected autonomous chieftaincies and petty kingdoms. Chieftains were the primary rulers of Viking society, typically chosen based on their military prowess, leadership skills, and personal charisma. These chieftains held significant influence and local authority within their territories, exercising control over matters of law, justice, trade, and military operations. Each chieftain had a group of loyal followers known as his hirdmen or housecarls, who were essential to maintaining his power and conducting military campaigns. Some chieftains also served as religious leaders, performing ceremonies and rituals to appease the Norse gods. Beyond the chieftains, there was no centralized authority or overarching political entity that governed all Vikings.