1. Walking: Walking was the most common way to get around for most people throughout history. It required no special equipment or infrastructure and was accessible to everyone.
2. Horseback Riding: Horses were used for transportation by people of all social classes. Horse-drawn carriages, such as carts, wagons, and chariots, were also used to transport goods and people.
3. Palanquins and Sedan Chairs: These were enclosed carriers carried by servants or animals. They were used by wealthy and high-ranking individuals for short-distance travel.
4. Boats and Ships: In cities near water bodies, boats and ships were used for transportation. Gondolas in Venice, Italy, and water taxis in cities like Amsterdam, Netherlands, were common modes of transport.
5. Litters: Litters were stretcher-like devices carried by servants or animals. They were used by royalty, nobility, and individuals who could not walk long distances.
6. Public Transport: In larger cities, public transport systems like horse-drawn trams, omnibuses (large, horse-drawn buses), and hackney carriages (rented carriages) began to appear in the 19th century.
7. Bicycles: Bicycles became popular in the late 19th century and offered a faster and more efficient means of transportation compared to walking or horseback riding.
8. Early Forms of Automobiles: In the early 20th century, motorized vehicles like automobiles, taxis, and buses started to replace traditional forms of transportation, gradually becoming the dominant mode of transport in urban areas.
It is worth noting that the availability and use of these modes of transportation varied across different cultures, regions, and time periods, and advancements in technology have significantly transformed urban mobility over the centuries.