The Italian 8th Army was formed by Mussolini to reinforce Germanys ally in the anti-Bolshevik crusade on the Eastern Front. At the beginning of Operation Barbarossa the Italian dictator had reinforced the Germans with an army corps. But in 1942 it was clear that the German war effort in the USSR
The Romanesque Art refers to a style that emerged during the Middle Ages, more precisely in the High Middle Ages (between the 11th and 13th centuries). The term “Romanesque ” is closely related to the influences of the Roman Empire, which for centuries dominated almost all of Western Europe. Charac
TheGloster Gladiator, the RAFs last biplane fighter, was already a flying anachronism when it entered service. Despite this, he acted and even remarkably in the initial stage of the Second World War. He first saw action in distant China fighting against the Japanese. But where the humble biplane bec
With this summer issue, History &Civilizations is enriched with new appointments. Each month, an article entitled Lair du temps will deepen a subject that, beyond the foam of the news, works our time. This month, with the 60th anniversary of the missile crisis which opposed, around Cuba, the America