- Using them in a variety of styles:
The Romans adopted and adapted the three main column orders of the ancient Greeks (Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian) and further developed them with modifications and variations, each with its own visual and structural properties.
- Combining different orders on a single structure:
Romans commonly employed superimposed orders, where different column orders were stacked one above the other, creating a visual hierarchy and complexity.
- Elaborate capitals:
Roman columns often featured highly ornate and elaborate capitals, showcasing intricate carvings and sculptures, adding visual interest and artistic expression.
- Columns as decorative elements:
In addition to their structural role, columns were incorporated as decorative elements within temple facades, porticos, and interiors. They were used to frame entrances, create colonnades, and enhance the overall aesthetic of the building.
- Integrating columns with arches and vaults:
The Romans made significant advancements in masonry techniques and incorporated columns with arches and vaults, enabling the construction of grand and spacious interiors within their temples.
- Symbolic significance:
Different column orders also carried symbolic meanings and were associated with different deities. For instance, the Doric order was associated with strength and masculinity, the Ionic with grace and elegance, and the Corinthian with opulence and grandeur.
- Engaging with their environment:
Romans sometimes used different types of stones, such as marble or travertine, to create visual contrasts and enhance the columns' appearance in relation to their surroundings.