- Frequent power struggles and civil wars weakened the empire's central government and its ability to maintain control over its vast territories.
2. Economic Decline and Inflation:
- The empire faced economic problems, including inflation, high taxes, and a decline in trade, which led to widespread poverty and discontent.
3. Division of the Empire:
- In 395 CE, the Roman Empire was permanently divided into two halves, the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. This division weakened the empire's unity and made it harder to defend its borders.
4. Invasions and Attacks from Barbarian Tribes:
- The Roman Empire faced repeated invasions from Germanic tribes, such as the Visigoths and Vandals, who took advantage of the empire's weakened state.
5. Decline of the Roman Army:
- The once-formidable Roman army experienced a decline in discipline, training, and morale due to several factors, including reliance on foreign mercenaries and reduced citizen participation.
6. Rise of Christianity:
- The rise of Christianity brought new religious and social values that challenged traditional Roman practices, leading to internal conflicts and shifts in societal structure.