1. Superior weapons and technology: The Spanish had access to more advanced weapons and technology than the Inca, including firearms, steel armor, and horses. These advantages gave the Spanish a significant edge in battle, as they were able to inflict heavy casualties on the Inca from a distance while sustaining few losses of their own.
2. Alliances with native groups: The Spanish were able to forge alliances with various native groups who were unhappy with Inca rule. These alliances provided the Spanish with valuable intelligence and logistical support, and also helped to divide and weaken the Inca Empire.
3. Disease: The Spanish also brought with them various diseases to which the Inca had no immunity, such as smallpox and measles. These diseases decimated the Inca population, further weakening the empire and making it more vulnerable to Spanish conquest.
4. Leadership: The Spanish had a strong and charismatic leader in Francisco Pizarro, who was able to unite his men and inspire them to victory. In contrast, the Inca were divided by a civil war between two rival brothers, Huáscar and Atahualpa, which further weakened the empire and made it easier for the Spanish to conquer.
These advantages combined to give the Spanish a decisive advantage over the Inca, and ultimately led to the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.