Here are some specific causes that contributed to Oñate's death:
Illnesses: Oñate suffered from various illnesses and ailments throughout his life. He had a persistent leg injury, which hindered his mobility and caused great discomfort. Additionally, Oñate battled several other illnesses that weakened his health and contributed to his eventual decline.
Emotional distress: Oñate's time as governor was marked by numerous struggles and controversies. He faced harsh criticisms and legal battles over allegations of misconduct, including the Acoma massacre, where Spanish soldiers mercilessly killed hundreds of Acoma people in 1599. The weight of these controversies, coupled with his failure to establish a prosperous colony in New Mexico, caused significant emotional distress for Oñate.
Stress and overexertion: Oñate's role as governor required him to undertake perilous journeys, endure harsh frontier conditions, and negotiate complex political matters. The continuous demands and stresses of his leadership, coupled with his declining health, took a toll on Oñate's physical and mental well-being.
Lack of support: Oñate's later years were also marked by a lack of support from the Spanish authorities. His pleas for reinforcements, resources, and assistance in resolving the disputes in New Mexico went largely unanswered. This lack of backing further added to Oñate's frustrations and contributed to his overall health decline.
In conclusion, Don Juan de Oñate's death was the culmination of several factors, including long-standing illnesses, emotional distress from controversies and conflicts, the stresses of his gubernatorial duties, and a sense of isolation due to the lack of support from the authorities in Spain.