* The fall of the Roman Empire. The collapse of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD led to a decline in learning and culture in Europe. The Dark Ages, as this period is often called, lasted for several centuries, and it was not until the 11th century that there began to be a revival of interest in classical learning.
* The rise of the Christian Church. The Christian Church played a major role in the suppression of classical learning during the Dark Ages. The Church fathers believed that the study of pagan literature and philosophy was harmful to the soul, and they discouraged people from reading these works. This attitude began to change in the 12th century, as a new generation of scholars began to read and appreciate classical literature.
* The development of trade and commerce. The growth of trade and commerce in Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries led to a greater exchange of ideas between different cultures. This exposure to new ideas helped to inspire the Renaissance humanists, who were interested in recovering the knowledge and culture of the classical world.
* The invention of the printing press. The invention of the printing press in the 15th century made it possible to mass-produce books, which made it much easier for people to access classical literature and other works of learning. This helped to spread the ideas of the Renaissance throughout Europe.
In conclusion, the Renaissance was a long process that was the result of many different factors. It took several centuries for Europe to emerge from the Dark Ages and for the conditions to be right for the Renaissance to flourish.