1. Early Colonial Period (17th Century):
During the early colonial period, the primary focus of cabinet makers was on creating furniture that served practical purposes. They used locally available materials like wood, and their designs were influenced by European styles, particularly those from England and the Netherlands.
2. The Influence of Chippendale (Mid-18th Century):
The mid-18th century saw a significant change in colonial furniture making with the influence of Thomas Chippendale, a renowned English furniture designer. Chippendale's designs featured intricate carvings, serpentine shapes, and elegant proportions. Colonial cabinet makers incorporated these elements into their own work.
3. Philadelphia and Boston as Cabinetmaking Centers:
Philadelphia and Boston emerged as prominent centers of cabinet making during the colonial period. Cabinet makers from these cities produced high-quality furniture that was sought after by the wealthy and upper-class society. Notable cabinet makers of the time included Benjamin Franklin in Philadelphia and John Goddard in Rhode Island.
4. Rococo and Neoclassicism (Late 18th Century):
The late 18th century marked a transition in furniture styles toward Rococo and Neoclassicism. Rococo furniture featured delicate carvings and curved forms, while Neoclassical designs were inspired by ancient Greek and Roman architecture, emphasizing clean lines and symmetry.
5. The Federal Period (1785-1825):
The Federal period saw a distinct American style emerge in furniture design. Federal furniture was characterized by graceful proportions, delicate ornamentation, and the use of mahogany and cherry wood. Cabinet makers like Duncan Phyfe and Charles Honoré Lannuier were influential figures during this period.
6. Regional Differences in Cabinet Making:
Cabinet makers in different regions of the colonies incorporated local traditions and materials into their work. For instance, cabinet makers in the South used materials such as walnut, while those in New England favored maple and pine.
7. Impact of Mass Production:
Towards the end of the colonial period, mass production of furniture began to impact traditional cabinet making. However, the skills and craftsmanship of colonial cabinet makers continued to influence furniture design and production in the United States for years to come.
Colonial cabinet makers played a vital role in shaping the history of American furniture. Their talent, creativity, and adaptation of European styles to the American context laid the groundwork for the development of unique American furniture styles that continue to be celebrated and admired today.