- The arrival of the English settlers took up lands that Powhatan peoples previously hunted, fished, and farmed from.
Cultural misunderstanding and clash of values
- Different social norms led to tension, such as differences in views on gender roles, property rights, and warfare.
Power dynamics & military conflicts
- English settlers sought to expand their power, leading to several military clashes with Powhatan Confederacy that viewed such expansionism as existential threats.
Incidents involving kidnapping and trade disruptions
- These escalated the conflicts between Powhatan tribes and English settlers.