1. Lisbon earthquake: On November 1, 1755, a massive earthquake struck Lisbon, Portugal, and the surrounding region. The earthquake, estimated to be between 8.5 and 9.0 on the Richter scale, caused extensive damage and loss of life. It was followed by a tsunami and fires, resulting in an estimated death toll of over 90,000 people. The event had a profound impact on European society, leading to philosophical and theological debates about the nature of natural disasters and the role of divine providence.
2. Publication of Johnson's Dictionary: In 1755, Samuel Johnson published his monumental work, "A Dictionary of the English Language." This comprehensive dictionary set a new standard for lexicography and had a lasting influence on the development of the English language. It defined over 40,000 words, providing etymologies, usage examples, and pronunciations. Johnson's Dictionary became an essential reference tool for writers, scholars, and the general public.
3. French and Indian War Begins: The French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years' War in Europe, began in 1755. It was a global conflict fought primarily between the British and French Empires, with their respective Native American allies. The war spanned North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia and had significant geopolitical implications. In North America, the conflict intensified the rivalry between the British and French colonies, leading to battles such as the Battle of Fort Duquesne and the Siege of Quebec.
4. Great Awakening: The Great Awakening, a religious revival movement that had begun in the American colonies in the early 1730s, continued to gain momentum in 1755. Led by charismatic preachers like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, the movement emphasized personal religious experiences, conversion, and emotional expression. It had a profound impact on the religious landscape of the colonies, shaping the development of various Protestant denominations and contributing to the spread of religious diversity in America.
5. Founding of Moscow State University: In 1755, Moscow State University, one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Russia, was founded. Established by Empress Elizabeth, it became a center for higher education and scientific research. Over the centuries, the university has produced numerous notable scholars, scientists, and leaders who contributed to the intellectual, cultural, and scientific development of Russia.
These events from 1755 reflect the diverse historical developments that were shaping the world during that time, encompassing natural disasters, cultural advancements, geopolitical conflicts, religious movements, and the establishment of influential institutions.