1. Longsword: The longsword was a widely used sword during the medieval period. It had a straight, double-edged blade typically ranging from 30 to 45 inches in length. Longswords were primarily used by knights, nobles, and men-at-arms as a versatile weapon for both cutting and thrusting.
2. Arming Sword: The arming sword was a single-handed sword commonly employed by infantry soldiers, mercenaries, and men-at-arms. It had a shorter blade compared to the longsword, usually between 24 to 30 inches long. Arming swords were designed for practical use in close-quarter combat and were often used in conjunction with a shield.
3. Bastard Sword: The bastard sword was a versatile weapon that fell somewhere between a longsword and a greatsword in size. Its blade length could range from 30 to 36 inches, making it suitable for both cutting and thrusting. Bastard swords were often preferred by knights and warriors who favored more versatile weapons.
4. Greatsword: Greatswords were massive two-handed swords primarily used by powerful warriors and mercenary troops. They had long, broad blades that could exceed 45 inches in length. Greatswords were primarily designed for delivering devastating blows but required considerable strength and skill to wield effectively.
5. Falchion: The falchion was a single-edged, curved sword with a broad blade. It was popular among foot soldiers and sailors because it allowed for powerful cutting strokes. Falchions were typically shorter than longswords, with blade lengths ranging from 24 to 30 inches.
6. Claymore: The claymore was a Scottish broadsword known for its distinctive large crossguard. It had a single-edged blade typically ranging from 30 to 36 inches in length. Claymores were effective in both cutting and thrusting and were frequently used by Highlanders in medieval Scotland.
7. Rondel Dagger: The rondel dagger was a type of dagger with a rounded, circular tip and a double-edged blade. It was commonly carried as a secondary weapon or for self-defense. Rondel daggers had a blade length of approximately 12 to 18 inches.
8. Main-Gauche: The main-gauche was a small off-hand dagger primarily used for parrying and close combat. It had a blade length of around 12 to 20 inches and was often paired with a longsword or other primary weapon.
These are just a few of the many types of swords that were utilized in medieval times. The specific design, ornamentation, and construction techniques varied across regions, cultures, and time periods throughout the Middle Ages.