Hygiene: The ancient Egyptians prioritized personal hygiene and sanitation. They bathed regularly and used various natural cleansers and fragrances.
Medical Instruments: They developed several medical instruments for examinations and surgeries, including scalpels, tweezers, forceps, and probes.
Anatomy: The Egyptians gained insights into human anatomy through their practice of mummification, which involved removing internal organs and preserving the body.
Specialization: Medical practitioners specialized in different fields such as dentistry, ophthalmology, gynecology, and surgery.
Surgical Procedures: They performed various surgeries, including amputations, stitching of wounds, and treating fractures.
Pharmacology: The Egyptians used a wide range of plants and minerals for medicinal purposes, creating ointments, poultices, and herbal remedies.
Papyrus Texts: Medical knowledge was documented on papyrus scrolls, such as the Ebers Papyrus, which is one of the oldest known medical textbooks.
Veterinary Medicine: They cared for animals and practiced veterinary medicine, as evidenced by texts on animal diseases and treatments.
Medical Education: Temples and specialized institutions provided medical education and training to aspiring physicians.
Prognosis and Diagnosis: Physicians used observations and examinations to diagnose diseases and make prognoses.
Despite these advancements, it's important to note that medical practices also included elements of superstition and magic. The ancient Egyptians made substantial contributions to medicine, and their knowledge and practices influenced later civilizations and medical developments.