* North Africa: The Arabs conquered North Africa in the 640s and 650s, ending Byzantine rule in the region.
* The Balkans: The Slavs and Bulgars invaded the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries, and the Byzantines were forced to cede control of much of the region.
* The Middle East: The Arabs also conquered much of the Middle East in the 7th century, including Syria, Palestine, and Egypt.