Portugal maintained neutrality at the start of the Seven Years War. However, the action of the British fleet in its territorial waters provoked the hostility of France and Spain and in 1762 Spanish troops invaded the country. The Spanish and French considered the Portuguese Army completely unprep
In Deep Winter, by Richard von Drasche-Wartinberg. 1923 If the reign of Louis XIV remains for the general public the apogee of the French monarchy, as much by its duration as by the magnificence of the Court and its buildings, we must not forget its shadows. As if to accentuate an end of reign al
Between the 1840s and 1880s, the use of photography as newspaper illustration is indirect and slow due to poor print quality. Technical developments and half-tone will allow the transition from drawing to the integration of photography in the printing process. This press illustration is appreciated
The life and work of Pierre Lepoivre , an officer in the Army of Flanders and a civil architect, always loyal to the Spanish Crown, make clear the great transformations that military architecture and engineering underwent in the transition from the 16th to the 17th century, which significantly alte