Alcoholism: The temperance movement sought to reduce or eliminate the consumption of alcohol, as it was seen as a major cause of social problems and poverty.
Prostitution: Reformers worked to address the issue of prostitution, which was rampant in many cities, by providing support and alternatives for women who were involved in it.
Poor working conditions: The plight of factory workers and other laborers inspired reform efforts aimed at improving working conditions, reducing hours, and increasing wages.
Women's rights: Reformers advocated for women's suffrage, property rights, and equal opportunities, as women faced significant legal and social restrictions at the time.
Education reform: Many reformers believed that widespread education was essential for progress, and they worked to improve access to education, particularly for the poor and underserved.
Criminal justice reform: Some reformers sought to reform the criminal justice system, which they saw as harsh and unjust, by advocating for more humane and rehabilitative approaches to punishment.
Anti-Catholicism: A strain of nativism and anti-Catholicism existed during this period, which led to some reform efforts aimed at limiting the influence of the Catholic Church and its perceived political power.
Prison reform: Reformers worked to improve conditions in prisons and jails, which were often overcrowded and unsanitary, leading to calls for more humane treatment of inmates.
Child labor: Reformers campaigned against the widespread use of child labor in factories and other industries, calling for laws and regulations to protect children from exploitation.