- Helmets: Helmets protected soldiers' heads from blows and missiles, and often had cheek guards to protect the face as well.
- Body armour: Body armour, such as the lorica segmentata, protected soldiers' bodies from cuts, stabs, and blows.
- Shields: Shields, known as scuta, were large and rectangular, providing excellent coverage and protection against enemy attacks.
- Weapons: Roman soldiers carried a variety of weapons, such as swords, spears, and bows and arrows, to engage the enemy in close combat and from a distance.
- Caligae: Caligae were sturdy military sandals that provided good support and traction on various terrain.
- Belt: The military belt (cingulum militare) was used to secure the soldier's equipment and garments.
- Backpack: Soldiers carried backpacks (sarcinae) containing essential supplies such as food, water, and cooking utensils during marches and campaigns.
The Roman army's use of standardized equipment played a crucial role in their success on the battlefield. It offered soldiers consistent levels of protection, enhanced mobility, and ensured uniformity within the army.