1. Mongol Conquests:
- Led by Genghis Khan and his successors, the Mongols embarked on a series of conquests during the 13th and 14th centuries that created one of the largest contiguous empires in history. They conquered vast territories across Asia and Eastern Europe, including China, Persia, and parts of Russia.
2. Arab Conquests (Rashidun Caliphate):
- In the 7th century, the Arab Rashidun Caliphate rapidly expanded its territories through military conquests. They conquered the Arabian Peninsula, Middle East, North Africa, and parts of the Iberian Peninsula, bringing vast regions under Islamic rule.
3. Roman Conquests:
- The Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire engaged in numerous military campaigns and conquests from the 2nd century BCE to the 5th century CE. They conquered large parts of Europe, North Africa, and the Mediterranean, establishing their domination over these territories.
4. Ottoman Conquests:
- The Ottoman Empire, a dynasty that emerged in the late 13th century, expanded its territories through military conquests over several centuries. They conquered large parts of southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, becoming a major power in the region.
5. Mughal Conquests:
- The Mughal Empire, founded by Babur in the 16th century, embarked on conquests that brought much of South Asia under their control. They conquered territories including present-day India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh, establishing a powerful Mughal dominion.
6. Spanish Conquests (Age of Exploration):
- During the Age of Exploration, Spain undertook numerous conquests in the Americas and other regions. Notable conquests include the colonization of Mexico by Hernán Cortés and the conquest of the Inca Empire in South America by Francisco Pizarro.
7. British Empire Expansion:
- Over several centuries, the British Empire expanded its territories through military conquests, political maneuvers, and colonization. They acquired control over vast regions across the globe, including India, Canada, Australia, and parts of Africa.
8. French Colonial Empire:
- The French colonial empire similarly saw conquests and territorial expansion in various parts of the world. France acquired colonies in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Caribbean, among other regions.
It's important to note that dynastic conquests often had complex motivations, ranging from territorial expansion, political power, economic gain, religious influence, and other factors. These conquests shaped the course of human history, resulting in political alliances, cultural exchanges, and power dynamics that continue to impact the modern world.