- Agricultural: New York's economy was largely agrarian, with farming and agriculture playing a significant role. The fertile soils and favorable climate supported the growth of various crops, including wheat, corn, barley, oats, and rye, as well as fruits, vegetables, and livestock. Many farmers were involved in subsistence agriculture, producing food primarily for their families and local communities, while others engaged in commercial farming, exporting surplus produce to other colonies and to Europe.
- Trade and Shipping: New York City, strategically located at the mouth of the Hudson River, emerged as a major trading hub and port. It served as a gateway for the import and export of goods between the colony, other British colonies, and Europe. Merchants in New York engaged in a variety of trade activities, including the export of agricultural produce, furs, and timber, and the import of manufactured goods, textiles, and luxury items from Britain and other countries.
- Fur Trade: The fur trade was a vital part of New York's economy, particularly in the interior regions. French and Dutch traders had established a well-developed fur trade network with Native American tribes long before the English arrived. The British continued this trade, exchanging European goods, such as guns, metal tools, and cloth, for valuable beaver pelts and other furs. The fur trade played a significant role in shaping relations with Native American tribes and contributed to the expansion of European settlements into the frontier.
- Manufacturing and Crafts: Although the colony was primarily agricultural, New York also saw the growth of manufacturing and craft industries. Small-scale manufacturing activities, such as tanneries, textile mills, ironworks, and breweries, operated in the colony. Artisans and craftsmen produced goods such as furniture, clothing, tools, and various household items, catering to the needs of the local population.
- Diversification: The economy of New York was relatively diverse, with a combination of agricultural, trade, fur, and manufacturing activities. This diversity helped to insulate the colony somewhat from economic downturns or disruptions in any one sector. This diversity contributed to the colony's resilience and overall economic growth during the 18th century.