The River Thames formed the main water supply for London and the royal palaces. However, the water of the Thames was often polluted so was not suitable for drinking. The Tudor monarchs therefore constructed water conduits and aqueducts to bring clean water from springs and wells outside the city. These conduits were channels lined with clay or lead, and they carried the water by gravity to the palace. There were also wells located within the palace grounds and gardens, which provided water for drinking and washing purposes. The water was stored in cisterns and barrels and was delivered to the royal apartments by servants.
Tudor Houses
Most Tudor houses did not have access to a mains water supply, so people had to collect water from other sources. This could include rivers, streams, wells, and springs. Wealthy families might also have had a rainwater cistern, which collected rainwater from the roof of the house. The water would be stored in the cistern until it was needed, and was often used for washing and cooking. The poor, on the other hand, would often have to collect water from public wells and pumps, which were often contaminated.
Water Filtration and Purification
In order to make the water safe to drink, people used a variety of filtration and purification methods. One common method was to boil the water, which would kill bacteria and other microorganisms. Another method was to add a chemical agent, such as alum, to the water, which would cause impurities to settle out. People would also use filters made from sand, charcoal, or cloth to remove impurities from the water.
Drinking Vessels
People drank water from a variety of vessels. The most common were wooden cups, bowls, and goblets. Wealthier people might also use pewter, silver, or gold cups and goblets.