The first prehistoric humans were nomads, living in hide huts or in caves. Predators, they moved according to the game and the gathering. But the discovery of fire (around 450,000 BC) and especially the end of the last ice age (around 10,000 BC) gradually changed their habits...
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Procedure
With global warming, game proliferates and cereals and legumes abound. No longer having the imperative need to hunt far away for food, Homo sapiens regroups and the first communities appear around 12,500 BC. From then on, man does not immediately change his habits, continues hunting, gathering and fishing, but lives in groups. Comfort encourages him to consume what is around his home and not to go, sometimes far, in search of it. It is therefore quite naturally, and not for reasons of shortage, that he begins to plant cereals such as wheat, barley or even legumes (lentils, beans, etc.) in the Fertile Crescent, in Mesopotamia , on the banks of the Tigris and the Euphrates, around 9,500 BC.
Thanks to these new living conditions, the population increased and agriculture developed. To do this, the man, little by little, masters the construction of tools. It is an upheaval of life that takes place around 10,000 BC, which historians call the “Neolithic revolution” (Neolithic means “new stone”, implying polished stone). Homo sapiens is now sedentary; little by little, real urbanizations arise.
Consequences
With this change, the population increases and organizes itself. Man is now in a phase of mastery, of progress. From predator, subject to and dependent on the vagaries of the weather or the presence of game, man becomes a farmer, producer, and master of his destiny (actor/actor). He does ". The development of agriculture generates, because requires, new inventions (like the wheel around 3500 BC).
Its sedentary way of life, with a life in society, imposes an organization, a hierarchy which leads quite naturally to the writing which will see the light of day around 3400-3200 BC in the Fertile Crescent. Thanks to the development of agriculture, to that of breeding, and therefore to this Neolithic revolution, which upset his way of life, man gradually left Prehistory to enter History.