This time, I will summarize the 2nd Crusade expedition and the place where Saladin opened the Ayyubid dynasty in the Middle East and caused Jerusalem to fall.
Background and results up to the 2nd Crusade Expedition
Islamic dynasty [ Seljuk dynasty ] Is a Christian sanctuary Jerusalem Pope Urban I Aiming to recapture Jerusalem First Crusade Expedition is. As a result ...
- County of Edessa
- Principality of Antioch
- Kingdom of Jerusalem
- County of Tripoli
These crusader states were built.
Of these, Count of Edessa Is Seljuk dynasty Zengid Dynasty independent of the local government Fallen by. County of Edessa Pope Eugene III received a request for help from Requests the Crusaders.
King of France ・ Louis VII And Queen Alienor , King of Germany Conrad III , Later Holy Roman Emperor ・ Friedrich I In addition, many lords and people participated in the Second Crusade Expedition from 1147 to 1949. It began.
Just around this time, Iberian Peninsula Land restoration movement [ Reconquista ] Was at its peak, so people in nearby areas such as Italy were encouraged to join the Reconquista . I did. The conquest of the northern Slavs from the German princes is also recognized as part of the Crusaders.
In this way, the original purpose of "regaining the county of Edessa" was blurred, and the Second Crusade ended in failure.
This Zangi Dynasty Saladin from Later 3rd Crusade Expedition I will make a kick to make a call for.
What is the Zangi Dynasty?
Zangi Dynasty Is an Islamic dynasty Seljuk dynasty Turkic Atabeg administration Northern Iraq-Syria in the 12th to 13th centuries It was built over.
* What is Atabeg? .. .. Guardian of a young monarch, regent, adoptive father. Played a major role in the administration
Zangy Is Seljuk dynasty Malik-Shah who built the heyday of Ark-Sunkle was killed as a result of aiming for semi-independence Is the son of. It is said that he was raised by a lord who ruled another city after the murder of his father.
Zangy after growth Is Iraq-Seljuk Dynasty Sultan Mahmud II He played an active role in suppressing the rebellion against (Malik-Shah's grandson).
* Sultan:Existence like a king or emperor
Mosul from the Sultan due to its success After being appointed as a taishou, he entered Aleppo under the control of Mosul the following year and is based there. Lidowan , once the king of Aleppo at its home Married to her daughter and became a lord, Zengid Was established.
Historically. .. .. Rather than Zangy Lidowan , the father-in-law of Is Dukirk Syria Seljuk dynasty Aleppo from the background of splitting Is Damascus I have a bad relationship with Zangy He also seems to have spent most of his life in conflict with Damascus.
The rise of Saladin in the Middle East
County of Edessa Zangy Is killed while being praised as a hero of Islamic forces after rejecting the Crusades expedition. However, he died so suddenly that he had not decided on a successor.
Meanwhile, his subordinates are Zangy Because the eldest son and the second son of the territory were separated, the territory was divided into two.
Among them, Zangy's second son, Noor-Addin , who dominated the area around Aleppo. Is Count of Edessa Completely beaten up, and his father Zangy Could not be achieved Damascus I succeed in getting it.
Saladin Is such a Noor-Addin The person who was with me.
From Saladin (wikipedia)
What kind of person is Saladin?
Saladin in Europe It is also said (Since it is Saladin in the textbook, it will be unified with Saladin hereafter). Zangi Dynasty I Uve who served To his father.
His younger brother, Shirkuh Killed a Christian official after a quarrel in a delicate relationship between Islam and Christianity, and his entire family was ousted from the country.
So I relied on Zangy was. He relied on him to serve as it was, but the Zangy He also dies in various ways.
Zangy After his death, the Zengid dynasty was divided into the eldest son vs. the second son, but Saladin Is the second son Noor-Addeen Served to. He has been good at remembering the monarch since he was young.
Noor-Addin Is based in Damascus Count of Antioch Room =Seljuk dynasty in the north while fighting against the Crusader States such as I was also fighting. Moreover, the Fatimid towards Egypt I am also fighting.
One of those heading towards Egypt is Saladin is. (Saladin's uncle) Shirkuh I participated in about below.
On the other hand, the Fatimid of the attacked person Is a caliph for young people It is said that the number of cases of succeeding the position of the Chancellor is increasing, and the battle over the position of the Chancellor has continued. Zangi Dynasty in this battle And Crusader States Also intervened.
* Caliph is the supreme leader of Islamic society. The Fatimid prince was calling the caliph.
After all, Shirkuh Controls the battle and Fatimid He took office as Chancellor, but when he died of illness two months later, he became a Chancellor with military power Saladin . Has taken over.
The tendency to become independent has been increasing since this time, Saladin . Is a monarch Noor-Addin I begin to be suspicious of my ambitions. I knew it was dangerous when I was suspicious, so Saladin Remains in the direction of Egypt, Noor-Addin It seems that he did not go to.
Fatimid Caliphate in 1171 Died before the caliph was succeeded. Fatimid Is destroyed, Saladin as it is Puts Egypt under control Ayyubid (← from his father's name).
This Saladin Leading Ayyubid Dynasty Was strong after all. With the goal of eradicating Christian forces from Palestine, Syria fell in 1174 and finally yes in 1187. Fall to Rusalem I let you.