National humiliation: The Treaty of Versailles was seen as a humiliating defeat for Germany. It required Germany to accept full responsibility for the war, cede significant territories to the Allied powers, and pay substantial reparations. Many Germans felt that these terms were unjust and that they had not been given a fair chance to negotiate a more favorable peace.
Economic hardship: The reparations imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles placed a heavy burden on the German economy. The country was already struggling to recover from the effects of the war, and the reparations made it difficult for businesses to operate and for people to make a living. The resulting economic crisis contributed to political instability and social unrest in Germany.
Loss of territory: The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to cede territories to the Allied powers, including Alsace-Lorraine to France, Eupen-Malmédy to Belgium, North Schleswig to Denmark, and West Prussia, Posen, and Upper Silesia to Poland. These territorial losses were deeply unpopular in Germany, and many people felt that they were unjust and that they deprived Germany of its rightful borders.
Political instability: The Treaty of Versailles contributed to political instability in Germany. The unpopularity of the treaty and the economic crisis that it caused led to the rise of extremist political parties, such as the Nazi Party, which promised to overturn the treaty and restore Germany to its former glory.
Discrimination against ethnic Germans: The Treaty of Versailles also resulted in the discrimination against ethnic Germans who lived in the territories that were ceded to other countries. This discrimination included restrictions on their political and economic rights, as well as discrimination in employment, education, and other areas. The mistreatment of ethnic Germans further contributed to the resentment that many Germans felt towards the Treaty of Versailles.