Upon becoming emperor, William 2 introduced several policies that reflected his vision for Germany's future:
1. Weltpolitik (World Politics): William 2 pursued an ambitious policy of expansion and colonization overseas. He believed Germany should play a more prominent role in world affairs, challenge the dominance of the British Empire, and acquire colonies to secure raw materials and markets. This policy led to increased competition with other European powers and heightened international tensions.
2. Naval Buildup: William 2 initiated a significant expansion of the German Navy, challenging Britain's naval supremacy. The rapid growth of the German fleet alarmed Britain and other maritime nations, leading to an arms race and increased tensions between the countries.
3. Alliances and Diplomacy: William 2 engaged in complex diplomatic manoeuvrings to maintain Germany's position in Europe. He strengthened ties with Austria-Hungary and Italy through the Triple Alliance but also attempted to cultivate good relations with Russia. However, his erratic and confrontational style often alienated other countries, making it difficult to establish lasting alliances.
4. Domestic Policies: William 2's domestic policies were marked by a blend of conservatism and social reform. He supported the traditional authority of the monarchy and opposed democratic movements but also introduced some progressive measures, such as improved labor conditions and social insurance programs.
5. Anti-Socialism Laws: William 2 continued the policies of his predecessor in suppressing socialist and labour movements. He renewed the antisocialist laws, which restricted the activities of socialist parties and organizations.
6. Influence of Advisors: William 2 often relied heavily on the advice of close confidantes and advisors, rather than on the opinions of experienced statesmen. This led to inconsistent decision-making and made it difficult to establish a coherent policy direction.
Overall, William 2's policies contributed to a shift in German foreign policy, marked by increased assertiveness, expansionism, and competition with other European powers. His initiatives ultimately set the stage for the growing tensions and conflicts that culminated in World War I.