- Destruction and bitterness: The war had caused immense destruction and loss of life, leaving behind a sense of bitterness and despair in many nations.
- Territorial disputes: The peace treaties following the war resulted in significant territorial changes, with some countries losing substantial territories to the victorious Allies. This created resentment and a desire to reclaim lost lands.
- Economic instability: The war had severely damaged the economies of many countries, leading to high unemployment, hyperinflation, and widespread poverty. These economic challenges further fueled political unrest and the rise of authoritarian regimes.
- Political instability: The existing political systems in many countries were unable to effectively address the post-war challenges, leading to political instability and a crisis of governance.
- Disillusionment with democracy: The failure of the League of Nations to prevent the war and the perceived weaknesses of democratic systems led to a loss of faith in democracy among some segments of the population.
These factors created fertile ground for the rise of totalitarian regimes that promised stability, order, and a return to national greatness, often at the expense of individual rights and freedoms.