1. France: Industrialization in France was centered in the northern regions, particularly in cities like Paris, Lille, and Lyon. The textile industry was a significant driver of industrialization, and France also developed strong iron and coal industries.
2. Belgium: Belgium was one of the earliest countries on the continent to industrialize, thanks to its abundant natural resources, including coal and iron ore. The textile industry was also important in Belgium, and the country became a major producer of linen and wool.
3. Germany: Industrialization in Germany was particularly rapid and successful, driven by factors such as political unification, technological advancements, and abundant natural resources. The Ruhr region emerged as a major industrial hub, with industries such as steel, coal, and chemicals flourishing.
4. The Netherlands: The Netherlands had a long tradition of trade and commerce, and industrialization built upon this foundation. Textile manufacturing and shipbuilding were important industries, and the country also had a strong banking sector that supported industrial growth.
5. Switzerland: Switzerland became known for its precision engineering and watchmaking industries. The country had a highly skilled workforce and a strong tradition of innovation, which contributed to its successful industrialization.
6. Austria: Industrialization in Austria was centered in Vienna and other major cities. The textile industry was significant, and Austria also developed strong iron and steel industries.
7. Northern Italy: Northern Italy, particularly the region around Milan, experienced significant industrialization. Textiles, machinery, and chemicals were important industries in this region.
These are some of the key areas in Europe where industrialization spread from Britain after 1830. Each country had its own unique trajectory and characteristics of industrialization, but all were influenced by the earlier developments in Britain.