- Landlessness: The majority of peasants in Russia were landless, and many of those who did have land were burdened by heavy taxes and obligations to their landlords.
- Economic hardship: Peasants were often forced to sell their crops at low prices to wealthy landowners, and they were also subject to high taxes and interest rates.
- Military service: Peasants were required to serve in the military for long periods of time, and this often took them away from their families and farms.
Workers:
- Low wages: Factory workers in Russia were paid very low wages, and they often worked in dangerous and unsanitary conditions.
- Child labor: Child labor was common in Russian factories, and children were often forced to work long hours for little pay.
- Lack of rights: Workers had few rights under Russian law, and they were often subject to abuse and exploitation by their employers.
Intelligentsia:
- Political repression: The Russian government suppressed any form of dissent, and many intellectuals were arrested, imprisoned, or exiled for their political beliefs.
- Social inequality: The intelligentsia was a relatively privileged class in Russian society, but they were still subject to many of the same restrictions as the peasants and workers.
- Desire for change: Many intellectuals were frustrated by the backwardness of Russian society, and they wanted to see Russia become a more modern and democratic country.
These are just some of the causes of discontent among peasants, workers, and the intelligentsia that led to the Russian Revolution of 1917. The combination of these factors created a climate of unrest and revolution in Russia, and it ultimately led to the overthrow of the czarist regime.